香樟凋落物对杂草萌发与生长的化感作用  

Allelopathic effects of Cinnamomum camphora leaf litter on weed germination and growth

作　　者：刘巧丽 陈彩慧 钟永达[1,2] 余发新 刘腾云[1,2] 肖亮 吴照祥[1,2] LIU Qiaoli;CHEN Caihui;ZHONG Yongda;YU Faxin;LIU Tengyun;XIAO Liang;WU Zhaoxiang(Institute of Biological Resources,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China;Engineering Research Center of Genetic Improvement and Cultivation of Native Precious Broad-Leave Tree Species of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,江西南昌330096 [2]江西省乡土珍贵阔叶树种遗传改良与培育工程研究中心,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第1期128-138,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160397);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(20192ZDD01004)。

摘　　要：【目的】杂草是农业生产中的主要危害之一,化学除草剂导致的环境与健康问题日益突出,利用化感作用防治杂草已成为一种新的趋势。【方法】研究采用培养实验,探究添加不同量(质量分数3%、6%、9%、12%)的香樟含油叶粉和脱油叶粉对田园土种子库杂草萌发与生长的影响。【结果】(1)两种叶粉均能显著抑制杂草的萌发与生长,具有明显的“浓度效应”,且能延迟除稗草外其他禾本科杂草的萌发时间8 d以上。(2)根据综合化感效应指数,当添加量≤6%时,香樟脱油叶粉对杂草的抑制效果要强于含油叶粉;添加量≥9%时,香樟含油叶粉的抑制效果要强于脱油叶粉。施加同一叶粉时,综合化感效应指数随叶粉量的增加而增强。(3)两种叶粉均能显著提升土壤的肥力,增加速效钾、速效磷、速效氮和有机质含量。(4)相关性分析结果表明,土壤的速效钾含量与杂草的萌发、生长之间有极显著负相关关系。【结论】两种香樟叶粉均可以抑制土壤种子库杂草萌发和生长,且当浓度≤6%时,脱油叶粉的效果更佳;当浓度≥9%时,含油叶粉抑草效果更佳。[Objective]Weeds are one of the main hazards in agricultural production.The environmental and health problems caused by the huge amount of the chemical herbicides application are becoming increasingly prominent.The utilization of allelopathic effects to take control of the farmland weeds has become a new trend,and also a new research hotspots.[Method]In this study,a simulated pot experiment was conducted to explore the allelopathic effects of the different dosages application(3%,6%,9%,12%,m/m)of Cinnamomum camphora oily leaf powder and deoiled leaf powder on the germination and growth of farmland weeds in the garden soil seed bank.[Result]The results showed that:(1)Two types of C.Camphora leaf powder significantly inhibited the germination and growth of farmland weeds and exhibited a typical“dose effect”.Their application could delay the germination time of other grass weeds except E.crusgalli for more than 8 days.(2)According to the comprehensive allelopathy index,when the addition amount was less than or equal to 6%,the inhibitory effect of deoiled leaf powder on farmland weeds was stronger than that of oily leaf powder.When the addition amount was higher or equal to 9%,the inhibitory effect of oily leaf powder was more stronger than that of deoiled leaf powder.When the same type of leaf powder was applied,the comprehensive allelopathy index increased with the increase of leaf powder amount.(3)The two types of C.Camphora leaf powder could significantly improve the soil fertility,available potassium,available phosphorus,available nitrogen and organic matter content.(4)The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the soil available potassium content and the weed germination and growth.[Conclusion]The results showed that both C.Camphora oily leaf powder and deoiled leaf powder could inhibit the germination and growth of farmland weeds in the garden soil seed bank,and the effects of deoiled leaf powder was more obvious when the addition amount was less tha

关 键 词：香樟 凋落叶 杂草 土壤肥力 化感效应 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]