水基型火探管式灭火技术扑救锂离子电池火灾有效性研究  

Research on the effect of water⁃based fire detection tubes fire suppression technology on extinguishing lithium⁃ion battery fire

作　　者：陈小雨[1] 王骁 王涛 李乐 Chen Xiaoyu;Wang Xiao;Wang Tao;Li Le(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第2期210-216,共7页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52074281);国家自然科学基金重点项目(52234006)。

摘　　要：为了能够在早期快速扑灭锂离子电池火灾,基于火探管材料,选择水作为灭火剂,自行制作了小型的水基型火探管式灭火系统,研究火探管材料扑救锂离子电池火灾的有效性,开展了不同用水量及驱动压力下的锂离子电池火灾抑制试验。结果表明:火探管材料可以在电池热失控触发后迅速响应,释放灭火剂,抑制电池热失控产气燃烧并对电池快速降温;该系统的冷却降温能力与用水量呈正相关,随着用水量增加,电池的表面最高温度与高温持续时间大大降低。当用水量为100 mL时,0.5MPa的压力不能保证系统及时响应,热失控后的电池出现明火;驱动压力逐渐增加时,系统释放的液滴出现明显的溅射现象,这对系统的冷却降温效能带来了负面影响,当驱动压力为1MPa时,系统的冷却降温性能最佳。对于电池模组热失控引发的火灾,火探管材料可以快速响应,释放灭火剂扑灭初期电池火灾,并阻止电池模组热失控传播。In order to quickly extinguish lithium-ion battery fires in the early stage,based on the fire detection tube material,water was selected as the extinguishing agent and a small fire extinguish-ing system of water based fire detection tube was set up.The ef-fectiveness of the fire detection tube material in extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires was studied,and lithium-ion battery fire suppression experiments were conducted under different water consumption and driving pressure.The results show that the fire detection tube material can respond quickly after the battery ther-mal runaway is triggered,release extinguishing agents,suppress the gas production and combustion of the battery thermal run-away,and quickly cool the battery;The cooling capacity of the system is positively correlated with water consumption.As the water consumption increases,the maximum surface temperature and duration of high temperature of the battery greatly decrease.When the water consumption was 100 mL,a pressure of 0.5 MPa failed to ensure timely response of the system,resulting in an open flame in the battery after thermal runaway;As the driving pressure gradually increases,the droplets released by the system exhibit a significant sputtering phenomenon,which has a negative impact on the cooling efficiency of the system.When the driving pressure is 1 MPa,the cooling performance of the system is opti-mal.For fires caused by thermal runaway of battery modules,the fire detection tube material can quickly respond,release extin-guishing agents to extinguish initial battery fires,and prevent the spread of thermal runaway of battery modules.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热失控 火灾抑制 火探管 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]