苜蓿混播方式及比例对混播草地生产力和稳定性的影响  

Effects of different mixed sowing patterns and sowing ratios of alfalfa on grassland productivity and community stability in grass-legume mixtures

作　　者：张永亮[1] 滕泽 郝凤 于铁峰 张玉霞[1] ZHANG Yong-iang;TENG Ze;HAO Feng;YU Tie-feng;ZHANG Yu-xia(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028042,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028042

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第2期185-197,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960352)资助。

摘　　要：为了探究适合科尔沁沙地的禾豆混播模式,将紫花苜蓿按8个水平(占单播量的5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,B_(1)~B_(8))和2种方式(间行A_(1)和交叉A_(2))混播到2月龄的无芒雀麦草地,分析混播方式与混播比例对禾豆混播草地生产力和群落稳定性的影响。结果表明:混播方式对第3茬无芒雀麦产量影响显著,A_(2)处理显著高于A_(1)(P<0.05)。A_(1)处理1~3茬及全年苜蓿产量均高于A_(2),其中第3茬及全年苜蓿产量差异显著(P<0.05)。禾豆总产量除2茬A_(1)显著高于A_(2)(P<0.05)外,其余无显著差异。A_(2)处理2、3茬无芒雀麦相对密度(RD)和3茬相对产量(RY)显著高于A_(1)。苜蓿混播方式对各茬苜蓿RD和RY没有显著影响,而对全年苜蓿RY影响显著,A_(1)显著高于A_(2)(P<0.05)。A_(1)处理2茬及全年相对产量总和(RYT)显著大于A_(2)(P<0.05)。随着苜蓿混播比例增加,全年苜蓿产量、禾豆产量和RYT呈增长趋势,而无芒雀麦产量、无芒雀麦和苜蓿RD、RY均呈下降趋势。不同苜蓿混播比例下各茬无芒雀麦RY均小于1,而苜蓿RY均大于1。混播处理全年RYT均大于1,混播20%~40%苜蓿第3茬RYT>1。模糊综合评价结果表明A_(2)B_4组合最优,其次是A_(2)B_(3)组合。综合考虑牧草产量和群落稳定性,在固定播量的2月龄无芒雀麦草地上交叉混播15%~20%苜蓿较适宜。This research aimed to identify the optimal mixed sowing pattern for grass-legume mixes in Horqin Sandy Land.Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)was sown into 2-month-old smooth bromegrass(Bromus inermis)in two patterns(inter-row sowing,A_(1),and crossed row sowing,A_(2))at eight mixed sowing ratios(5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%and 40%,calculated based on single plant density;Treatments B_(1)-B_(8),respectively).Three cuts were made during the growing season and bromegrass yield,alfalfa yield,and total herbage yield were determined for each cut and on an annual basis.Comparing sowing patterns A_(1) and A_(2),grass yield and legume yield differed only in Cut 3,with A_(2)>A_(1) for grass yield and A_(1)>A_(2) for legume yield while for combined grass+legume yield there was a significant difference(P<0.05)for all three cuts and in the annual total with A_(1)>A_(2) in all cases.Across the mixed sowing ratios B_(1)-B_(8),alfalfa and total herbage yield increased,while smooth bromegrass yield decreased(P<0.05).With respect to relative density(RD),grass RD was significantly higher(P<0.05)in the A_(2) than the A_(1) sowing pattern in Cuts 2 and 3,but legume RD did not differ between A_(1) and A_(2) sowing patterns in any of the three cuts.Across the mixed sowing ratios B_(1)-B_(8),RD generally decreased for grasses in cuts 2 and 3 and for the legume component in all three cuts(P<0.05).The relative yield(RY)differed between A_(1) and A_(2) sowing patterns for bromegrass only in Cut 3(A_(2)>A_(1))and for alfalfa only for the annual total(A_(1)>A_(2);P<0.05).For both bromegrass and alfalfa,RY decreased(P<0.05)across the mixture ratio series from B_(1) to B_(8) for all three cuts,and for the annual total.The results of fuzzy multivariateanalysis showed that the A_(2)B4 combination was the best,followed by the A_(2)B_(3) combination.Considering forage yield and stability of the sown mixture,the recommended practice based on these data is cross-sowing alfalfa into 2-month-old smooth bromegrass stands at a plant density of 15%-20%of the grass

关 键 词：禾豆混播 牧草产量 种间相容性 群落稳定性 模糊综合评价 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]