无机玻璃结构弛豫及影响因素综述  

Review of Structural Relaxation and Influencing Factors of Inorganic Glass

作　　者：李靖威 李敬超 郑睿鹏 王晨[3] LI Jingwei;LI Jingchao;ZHENG Ruipeng;WANG Chen(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100082,China;Inner Mongolia Company North Opencast Coal Mine,State Power Investment Corporation,Tongliao 029200,China;Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]国家电投内蒙古公司北露天煤矿,通辽029200 [3]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2024年第2期682-694,共13页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

摘　　要：本文介绍了玻璃结构弛豫的假想温度与弛豫动力学理论,并阐述了这些理论的建立、发展及研究现状。假想温度理论重点关注玻璃热历史,给出了玻璃结构弛豫进展方向与快慢的热力学判据;弛豫动力学则重点关注玻璃化转变现象,揭示了玻璃结构弛豫的微观机制与演变过程。热历史、玻璃成分、杂质缺陷、温度等是影响无机玻璃结构弛豫的关键因素,也是玻璃生产与应用过程中的重要切入点。目前,玻璃结构弛豫理论发展较为完善,但复杂体系无机玻璃结构弛豫的试验研究依然存在诸多空白,具体微观机制有待进一步完善,并且微晶玻璃和玻璃基复合材料的结构弛豫还未受到广泛关注,此类“瓶颈”问题的突破有望支撑无机玻璃材料在更为严苛的应用环境中长期安全服役。In this paper,the fictive temperature and relaxation dynamics theories of structural relaxation are introduced at first,and their establishment,development and research progress are discussed as well.The fictive temperature theory focuses on the thermal history of glass,and provides a thermodynamic criterion for determining the direction and velocity of relaxation process,while the relaxation dynamics theory places emphasis on glass transition phenomenon and aims to reveal microscopic mechanism and evolution process of structural relaxation.The thermal history,glass composition,impurities,defects,temperature,stress,moisture and size are key factors affecting the structural of inorganic glass.These factors are important issues of structure tailoring and safety analysis for manufacture and application of glass.Although the structural relaxation theories of glass have been rapidly developed,there are still many gaps in experimental studies,particularly for inorganic glass with complex composition,and the specific microscopic mechanism still needs further improvement.In addition,the structural relaxation of glass-ceramics and glass matrix composites has not received deserved attention.The breakthrough of such problems is expected to support long-term safety and reliability of inorganic glass under more stringent conditions.

关 键 词：无机玻璃 结构弛豫 假想温度 弛豫动力学 影响因素 安全服役 

分 类 号：TQ171[化学工程—玻璃工业]