基于形态学和宏基因组学的养殖蟹塘浮游植物群落分析  

Analysis of phytoplankton community in aquaculture crab pond using morphological and metagenomics methods

作　　者：张旭 周丽[1] 蔡敏 崔娜欣 邹国燕 赵志勇[3] 袁泉[1] 黄伟伟 张亚雷[2] ZHANG Xu;ZHOU Li;CAI Min;CUI Naxin;ZOU Guoyan;ZHAO Zhiyong;YUAN Quan;HUANG Weiwei;ZHANG Yalei(Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection Research,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Engineering Research Cen-ter of Low-Carbon Agriculture,Shanghai 201403,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092,China;Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所/上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院/污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092 [3]上海市农业科学院农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第1期151-160,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-020304);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201503);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划项目(沪农科卓〔2022〕023)。

摘　　要：为全面准确评估中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖池塘中后期水体浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2022年6—10月逐月监测水质指标,同时采用基于形态学和宏基因组学的人工镜检和高通量测序两种方法分析浮游植物的群落结构特征,探讨浮游植物优势种与环境因子的关系。结果显示,人工镜检鉴定的浮游植物共4门65种,而高通量测序数据分析所得浮游植物共4门1463种,其中人工镜检鉴定的优势种为蓝藻门的水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)、细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista)以及硅藻门的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),而高通量测序数据分析所得优势种为蓝藻门的水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)、铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa)。人工镜检方法计算所得多样性指数普遍低于高通量测序结果。两种方法共同分析得出溶解氧(DO)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)、总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH3-N)是影响浮游植物群落结构的关键环境因子。建议采用人工镜检与高通量测序法相结合的方式分析养殖期间的浮游植物群落结构,以便更全面、准确地评估养殖生态系统中的浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。In order to fully and accurately evaluate the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and late periods of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)pond culture,we had monitored the water quality indexes and phytoplankton community of aquaculture crab ponds from June to October 2022,and identified the phytoplankton community by artificial microscopy and high-throughput sequencing based on morphological and metagenomics methods.Then we discussed the relationship between dominant phytoplankton species and environmental factors.The results show that 65 species in four phyla were identified by artificial microscopy,and 1463 species by metagenomic data analysis,in which the dominant species identified by artificial microscopy were Microcystis flos-aquae,Aphanocapsa elachista and Skeletonema costatum,and the dominant species identified by metagenomic data analysis were Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and M.aeruginosa.The diversity index calculated by manual microscopy was generally lower than that of metage-nomic results.Dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a,total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were the key environmental factors affect-ing phytoplankton community structure.It is suggested to simutaneously use artificial microscopy and high-throughput sequenc-ing methods to analyze phytoplankton community structure in aquacultural water,so as to evaluate the characteristics of phyto-plankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture ecosystems more comprehen-sively and accurately.

关 键 词：养殖蟹塘 浮游植物 群落特征 人工镜检 高通量测序 多样性指数 环境因子 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]