植物对重金属的吸收和转运途径及调控机制研究进展  

Research progress on the uptake and transport pathways and regulatory mechanisms of heavy metals in plants

作　　者：江建波 文吉昌 娄飞 JIANG Jian-bo;WEN Ji-chang;LOU Fei(Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of New Rural Development,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学新农村发展研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观察站,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《应用化工》2024年第1期212-217,共6页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2022]155号);贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字(2021)58号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科中引地[2022]4022)。

摘　　要：论述了重金属进入植物根表皮层的途径,通过共质体与质外体水平运输的短程运输途径,以及木质部与韧皮部进行装卸的长程运输途径。共质体途径对重金属离子的转运速度慢,而质外体途径转运重金属离子的迁移阻力小、速率快。细胞壁吸附解析作用是影响重金属离子通过细胞质外体途径传入根木质部的内因,但根系皮层内凯氏带及软木脂发育,构成质外体屏障,能阻断重金属离子向木质部迁移的质外体途径。植物蒸腾作用及根压为木质部重金属离子的长距离运输提供驱动力,和植物的蒸腾速度有关。植物对重金属解毒与耐性的机理主要是诱导植物产生金属硫蛋白、胁迫植物形成植物螯合肽(PCs)和液泡对重金属的区域化作用。This paper comprehensively discusses the pathways of heavy metals into the plant root epidermis,the short-range transport pathway through the horizontal transport of coplanar and plasmodesmata,and the long-range transport pathway through the xylem and phloem for loading and unloading.The transport of heavy metal ions by the coplanar pathway is slow,while the transport of heavy metal ions by the extra plastid pathway has low resistance to migration and high rate.Cell wall adsorption and resolution are endogenous factors affecting the transport of heavy metal ions into the root xylem via the cytoplasmic ectodomain pathway,but the development of the Casparian strip and suberin in the root cortex,which constitute the ectodomain barrier,can block the ectodomain pathway of heavy metal ion migration to the xylem.Plant transpiration and root pressure provide the driving force for the long-distance transport of heavy metal ions in the xylem and are related to the transpiration rate of plants.The mechanism of plant detoxification and tolerance to heavy metals is mainly induced by the production of metallothionein,the formation of phytochelating peptides(PCs)in stressed plants and the regionalization of heavy metals by vesicles.

关 键 词：根际 质外体途径 凯氏带 软木脂 质外体屏障 植物螯合肽 

分 类 号：TQ937.2[化学工程] Q945.79[生物学—植物学]