欧盟数据治理中的“一站式”监管:运行机制、实施困境及启示  

The“One-Stop-Shop”Mechanism of the Data Governance in EU:Operating Mechanism,Implementation Problems and Enlightenment

作　　者：陈统 Chen Tong(School of Law,NanKai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《学术探索》2024年第1期51-63,共13页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(19CFX034);南开大学·中国社科院大学21世纪马克思主义研究院重大课题(MYJ2021002)。

摘　　要：《一般数据保护条例》的实施改变了欧盟数据治理法律碎片化的状态,欧盟国家数据保护机构以多种合作机制增强执法的统一性和权威性。“一站式”监管机制是保证欧盟成员国间共享权限的结构化合作方式,由领导型监管机构牵头开展数据跨境案件的执法,遵循闭门协商和客观标准两个原则,具有重要的执法管辖协调作用。但目前该机制的运行存在程序不透明及效率低下的问题,可能导致管辖竞择现象的出现,影响各成员数据保护机构的独立性。我国应当在司法层面积极回应欧盟的监管工具输出,通过数据合规部署全球数字经营战略,同时反思我国数据保护机构的设置与职权分配,借鉴“一站式”监管中的管辖协调机制,改革我国数据保护领域的“多头治理”模式,切实提高数据领域的执法水平。The implementation of GDPR has changed the fragmented state of EU law,and the EU national data protection authorities(DPAs)have enhanced the unity and authority of law enforcement with a variety of cooperation mechanisms.The“one-stop-shop”mechanism is a structured cooperation method to ensure the sharing of information and authority among EU member states,and lead supervisory authorities to enforce cross-border data cases,and follow the two principles of closed-door consultation and objective standards.This mechanism plays an important role in the coordination of law enforcement jurisdiction.However,the operation of this mechanism faces the problems of opaque procedures and low efficiency,which may lead to forum shopping and affect the independence of DPAs.China’should actively respond to the EU s regulatory tool output at the judicial level,deploy the global digital business strategy through data compliance,and reflect on the setup and power allocation of China’s data protection agencies,learn from the EU’s OSS mechanism,reform the“multi-head governance”model in the field of data protection,and effectively improve the level of law enforcement in the field of data.

关 键 词：个人数据保护 “一站式”监管 跨境数据传输 执法管辖权冲突 

分 类 号：DF939[政治法律—国际法学]