碳基无金属纳米材料用于电催化合成小分子化学品  

Carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials for the electrosynthesis of small-molecule chemicals:A review

作　　者：石磊 李彦哲 尹华杰 赵慎龙 SHI Lei;LI Yan-zhe;YIN Hua-jie;ZHAO Shen-long(CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication,National Center for Nanoscience and Technology,Beijing 100190,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Materials Physics,Institute of Solid State Physics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]国家纳米科学中心,中国科学院纳米系统与多级次制造重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院固体物理研究所,中国科学院材料物理重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《新型炭材料（中英文）》2024年第1期42-63,共22页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(22373027);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52102325).

摘　　要：电催化是各种以化学品形式储存可再生电力能源技术的核心。目前,贵金属基催化剂广泛应用于提高电催化转化效率。然而,成本高、稳定性差等缺点严重阻碍了其在电合成和可持续能源器件中的大规模应用。碳基无金属催化剂(CMFCs)在提高催化性能方面展现出巨大潜力,且受到越来越多的关注。本文概述了用于电催化合成的CMFCs的最新研究进展,并讨论了其催化机理和设计策略。此外,简要总结了电催化合成过氧化氢、氨、氯以及各种碳基和氮基化合物的研究现状,并重点阐述了CMFCs目前面临的挑战和未来前景。Electrocatalysis is a key component of many clean energy technologies that has the potential to store renewable electri-city in chemical form.Currently,noble metal-based catalysts are most widely used for improving the conversion efficiency of react-ants during the electrocatalytic process.However,drawbacks such as high cost and poor stability seriously hinder their large-scale use in this process and in sustainable energy devices.Carbon-based metal-free catalysts(CMFCs)have received growing attention due to their enormous potential for improving the catalytic performance.This review gives a concise comprehensive overview of re-cent developments in CMFCs for electrosynthesis.First,the fundamental catalytic mechanisms and design strategies of CMFCs are presented and discussed.Then,a brief overview of various electrosynthesis processes,including the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide,ammonia,chlorine,as well as various carbon-and nitrogen-based compounds is given.Finally,current challenges and prospects for CMFCs are highlighted.

关 键 词：电合成 电催化 碳基纳米材料 无金属电催化剂 小分子化学品 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]