冲击频率可调的钻井提速工具结构设计与试验  

Structural Design and Test of ROP Improving Tool with Adjustable Impact Frequency

作　　者：田雨 张昕 张鹏翔 孙耀宁[1] 许晨星 宋西岩 Tian Yu;Zhang Xin;Zhang Pengxiang;Sun Yaoning;Xu Chenxing;Song Xiyan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University;Engineering Technology Research Institute,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited;Tuha Drilling Company,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院 [2]中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司工程技术研究院 [3]中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司吐哈钻井公司

出　　处：《石油机械》2024年第2期36-43,共8页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“海陆过渡相页岩气勘探开发关键技术研究”(2021DJ2003)。

摘　　要：二叠系以下岩石可钻性差,机械钻速低,单一冲击频率的钻井工具无法满足不同地层的提速需求。为此,研制出一种频率可调的钻井提速工具。该工具以钻井液作为动力源来实现冲击功能,可以通过改变工具下心轴对称孔的数量改变工具的冲击频率。基于工具的结构特点和工作原理,确定了冲锤碰撞过程中产生的冲击力,建立了单齿破岩仿真模型,进行动力学仿真分析。仿真分析结果表明:随着冲击频率的增加,机械钻速与岩石内部最大主应力整体呈上升趋势,但超过一定的冲击频率时,机械钻速与岩石内部主应力将会下降;在花岗岩等硬地层钻进过程中,最佳冲击频率为18 Hz;在砂岩等中硬地层钻进过程中,最佳冲击频率为16 Hz。现场试验验证了工具原理的正确性,使用该工具在硬地层与中硬地层钻进中,与邻井相比机械钻速分别提高103.2%和27.0%。所得结论可为频率可调的钻井提速工具的进一步优化及现场应用提供参考。Rocks below the Permian are less drillable,leading to low rate of penetration(ROP),which can hardly be improved by only applying the drilling tool with single impact frequency.In this study,a ROP improving tool with adjustable impact frequency was developed.This tool uses drilling fluid as the power source to achieve impact function,and can change the impact frequency by changing the number of axisymmetric holes on the lower core.Based on the structural characteristics and working principle of the tool,the impact force generated during the impact process of the hammer was determined,and a single cutter rock-breaking simulation model was built for dynamic simulation analysis.The simulation results show that as the impact frequency increases,the ROP and the maximum principal stress inside the rock tend to increase,but decrease when the impact frequency exceeds a certain level.In the course of drilling hard formations such as granite,the optimal impact frequency is 18 Hz;in the course of drilling medium–hard formations such as sandstone,the optimal impact frequency is 16 Hz.Moreover,the principle of the tool was verified through field test.When the tool was used to drill in hard and medium–hard formations,the ROP was increased by 103.2%and 27.0%respectively compared with adjacent wells.The conclusions provide reference for further optimization and field application of the ROP improving tool with adjustable impact frequency.

关 键 词：机械钻速 冲击频率 PDC单齿 设计参数 现场应用 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]