重新认识《马氏文通》助字卷的得失  

Rediscover the Success and Failure of the Volume of Modal Particles of Ma Shi Wentong

作　　者：王珏 WANG Jue

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,200032

出　　处：《汉语学报》2024年第1期97-108,共12页Chinese Linguistics

摘　　要：《马氏文通》问世130年来,学界对其助字卷的评价仅限于肯定和褒扬。本文从系统性角度发现,该书助字卷为上古语气词构建了聚合系统、功能系统和叠助系统,但也存在四个重要不足。一是错将汉语语气词等同于印欧语的动词形态的功能。二是不清楚字句应有语气的形式手段为何物。三是没有明确区分字句应有语气和助字所表语气,更未明确二者关系。四是仅将语气词的功能分为信疑两个范畴。这四个不足对古今语气词研究至今仍然具有不可小觑的影响。Since the publication of Ma Shi Wentong 130 years ago,the academic evaluation of its Volume of Modal Particles has always been positive.From a systematic point of view,this paper finds that this volume built a paradigmatic system,a functional system and a cooccurrence system for the modal particles of ancient Chinese.However,there are four defects found in this volume.Firstly,it mistakenly equates the Chinese modal particles with the morphological functions of verbs of Indo-European languages.Secondly,it is unclear about what the formal means of mood should be.Thirdly,it does not clearly distinguish between the mood of sentences and the mood expressed by modal particles,let alone the relationship between the two.Fourthly,it classifies the Chinese mood only into two categories:message transmission and doubt transmission.These four defects still influence the study of modal particles today.

关 键 词：《马氏文通》助字卷 聚合系统 功能系统 叠助系统 四个不足 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]