带“得”动补式中“能够/能/可能”的位序变化  

Position Change of"nenggou/neng/keneng"in a Verb-Complement Structure with"de"

作　　者：刘街生[1] LIU Jiesheng

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《汉语学报》2024年第1期120-128,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“连动特征和汉语的使动表达研究”(编号:22FYYB010)的资助。

摘　　要：带“得”动补式中“能够”“能”通常表达根情态。结果补语结构中它们的位序由句子的语义决定,理论上不可改变;描写补语结构中,若非辖域因素影响,它们的位序可变,但实例中基本都位于“得”前。带“得”动补式中“可能”表达认识情态,若非辖域因素影响,其在“得”前后的位序变化自由。一些带“得”动补式中“能够”“能”“可能”在“得”前后的位序可变是因为,第一,带“得”动补式成分项之间的关系是既有一定的并立性,也有一定的非并立性;第二,“得”标明了主动词事件和补动词事件之间有蕴涵关系;第三,此时,“得”后成分为焦点所在。In a verb-complement structure with"de","nenggou"and"neng"usually express root modality.Their positions in a resultative complement structure is determined by the semantics of the sentence and theoretically cannot be changed.In a descriptive complement structure,if not being influenced by scope factors,their positions can be variable but they are basically located before"de"as shown in examples.In a verb-complement structure with"de","keneng"expresses epistemic modality,and if not being influenced by scope factors,it can be before or after"de".The position of"nenggou","neng"and"keneng"before or after""de"is variable for the following factors.First,the verb-complement structure with"de"can be regarded as a multi-verb structure connected in a cosubordinate way at the core of the main and complement clauses.Second,""de"indicates that there is an implicational relationship between the main and complement clauses,and the complement clause is usually the focus.

关 键 词：动力/道义/认识情态 事件/命题情态 结果/描写补语结构 主次关系 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H146