我们需要怎样的专门法院  

Understanding and Developing the System of Specialized Courts in China

作　　者：丁亮华 Ding Lianghua

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第1期161-180,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：中国法学会民事诉讼法学研究会2023年度研究课题“跨行政区划审判制度研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：专门法院顺应司法专业化的发展趋势而出现,并受到区域治理政策目标的深刻影响,这些因素决定了其内生性地存在司法“偏狭”的可能。因此,设立专门法院应当保持谦抑与克制。2018年《法院组织法》第15条第1款列举的专门法院类型,是几经立法变迁和现实调整后,根据国家发展战略和专业审判需要而确立的,基本符合专门法院的内涵与特征,不宜任意作扩大解释。建构我国的专门法院制度,应当坚持法院法定这一宪法原则,确保专门法院在宪法秩序内生长和运行,同时亦需明确专门法院管辖权的性质,使其与普通法院管辖权在立法上得以区隔,并通过设立综合性专门上诉法院,最终实现在专业审判领域的裁判标准统一以及专门法院组织的适度体系化。Specialized courts have emerged in response to the trend of judicial specialization and are deeply influenced by regional governance policy objective.These factors determine the possibility of judicial bias inherent in it.Therefore,the establishment of specialized courts requires humility and restraint.The type of specialized court specified in Article 15(1)of the 2018 Court Organization Law is established after several legislative changes and practical adjustments,in accordance with national development strategies and professional trial needs.It conforms to the connotation and characteristics of specialized courts and should not be arbitrarily expanded.To develop specialized court system in China,we should adhere to the constitutional principle of court legality and ensure the growth and operation of specialized courts within the constitutional order.At the same time,it is also necessary to clarify the nature of the jurisdiction of specialized courts so that it can be differentiated from the jurisdiction of ordinary courts in legislation.By establishing a comprehensive and specialized appellate court,we can ultimately achieve the unity of judgment standards in the field of professional trials and the moderate systematization of specialized court organizations.

关 键 词：专门法院 司法专业化 法院创设权 专门管辖 审级制度 

分 类 号：D926.23[政治法律—法学]