登记对抗主义废止论以物权变动模式二元并置的内在矛盾为中心  

Abolition of Registration Confrontation Doctrine Focusing on the Inherent Contradiction of the Dualistic Juxtaposition of the Modes of Changes of Property Rights in China

作　　者：张凇纶 Zhang Songlun

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学土地法制研究院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第1期181-198,共18页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：公示(登记)对抗主义与公示生效主义,两种模式并存于同一法律体系,是不合理的立法举措。原因在于,在立法论的角度,为不同物权变动模式提出匹配标准相当困难;在解释论的层面,又存在难以解决的制度困境与逻辑冲突,动产抵押制度以及《民法典》第414条集中凸显了这一困境。单论这两种物权变动模式,二者可谓难分高下,各有优劣;但若将我国登记制度以及登记机构的管理成本纳入考量,那么放弃登记对抗主义堪称最优选择。我国应当考虑借助解释论来实现登记对抗主义的废除。采用分类处理的方法,机动车等特殊动产的登记应被解释为行政管理措施,动产的登记则不被解释为登记对抗主义,而被解释为动产交付的例外保障机制;不动产一旦登记,则此后权利之流转均应扩张适用《民法典》第385条采登记生效;而未登记之不动产,则通过排除第577条和第154条之失权后果作为反面激励。The coexistence of the two doctrines of publicity(registration)confrontationism and publicity effectivism in the same legal system is an unreasonable legislative approach.This is because from the perspective of legislative theory,it is quite difficult to propose matching criteria for different doctrines of change of property right.From the perspective of interpretative theory,it is also difficult to solve the system dilemma and logical conflict,and the movable property mortgage system and Article 414 of the Civil Code highlight this dilemma.On these two modes of property changes,each one has its own advantages and disadvantages.But if the registration system and the registration agency's management costs are taken into account,giving up the registration of confrontationism should be the optimal choice.The abolition of registration confrontationism should be achieved by the interpretative theory.Adopting a categorized approach,the registration of motor vehicles should be interpreted as an administrative measure;the registration of movable property should not be interpreted as registration confrontationism,but as an exceptional safeguard mechanism for the delivery of movable property;once immovable property has been registered,the application of article 385 of the Civil Code should be expanded to take registration into effect;and for unregistered immovable property,the consequences of loss of rights under articles 577 and 154 should be excluded as a counter-incentive.

关 键 词：登记对抗主义 登记生效主义 民法典 登记机构 解释论 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]