王国维晚年的史学转向及其思想世界  

The Hisorigraphical Turn of Wang Guowei in His Later Life and HisIntellectual World

作　　者：朱洪斌[1] Zhu Hongbin

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期182-192,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BZS004)。

摘　　要：王国维的治学之路是从哲学到文学再到史学,治史领域则由古史研究转向西北史地学。关于王氏晚年的史学转向,论者意见纷纭,莫衷一是。在古史领域大获成功并为世人瞩目之际,王国维晚年史学研究的主题,其实早已悄然预伏。在全力研究殷周史的同时,王国维仍兼顾边疆民族史与地理研究,这凸显了一个非常重要的史学意识,即国史研究不应局限于域内,需要紧密关注周边民族、政权与中原王朝的关系,这得益于其青年时代感染的东洋史学的历史视野。近代西北出土的大批文物及文献资料,强烈地吸引欧洲东方学者、日本东洋史家的目光,使这一区域的研究成为国际汉学界的前沿领域。1919年,因为伯希和、沈曾植的启迪,王国维事实上已完成史学转向的心理调整和专业预备。王国维一方面继承清代西北史地学的传统,一方面积极引入欧洲东方学、日本东洋史学的新视野、新材料,推动中国本土史学的现代转型。同时,他借论定沈曾植的治学风格,进而构造自我的思想世界,宣示其追求真实的历史世界与理想的人文世界的学术旨趣。Wang Guowei's scholarly journey traversed philosophy,literature,and eventually historiography,with a shift in historical studies from ancient history to the study of Northwestern historical geography.Views on Wang's latelife turn to historiography are varied and divergent.Despite achieving great success and recognition in the field of ancient history,the focus of Wang's late-life historical research had quietly foreshadowed itself.While fully engaged in the study of Yin and Zhou history,Wang simultaneously studied the history of borderland ethnic groups and conducted geographical research.This underscored a crucial historical awarenessthat the study of national history should not be confined to domestic boundaries.Instead,it should closely examine the relationships between peripheral ethnic groups,regimes,and the Central Plains dynasties.This perspective was influenced by the historical vision Wang acquired during his youth from Oriental historiography.The significant quantity of artifacts and documentary materials unearthed in modern Northwest China attracted the attention of European Oriental scholars and Japanese Oriental historians,turning this region into a forefront area in international Sinology.In 1919,under the influence of Berthold Laufer and Shen Zengzhi,Wang Guowei had effectively undergone a mentality adjustment and professional preparation for his shift to historiography.Wang Guowei,on the one hand,inherited the tradition of Qing Dynasty Northwestern historical geography,and on the other hand,actively incorporated new perspectives and materials from European and Japanese Oriental studies.This propelled the modern transformation of Chinese indigenous historiography.Simultaneously,by adopting Shen Zengzhi's scholarly style and constructing his own intellectual world,Wang Guowei demonstrated his academic pursuit of a truthful historical world and an idealized humanistic world.

关 键 词：清代西北史地学 日本东洋史学 欧洲东方学 沈曾植 伯希和 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]