赣南脐橙果实品质现状及分布特征分析  

Analysis of Fruit Quality and Distribution Characteristics of Gannan Navel Oranges in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：习建龙 谢上海 李航 胡燕 黎芳梅 邓修顺 卢俊华 杨忠富 赖晓桦 XI Jianlong;XIE Shanghai;LI Hang;HU Yan;LI Fangmei;DENG Xiushun;LU Junhua;YANG Zhongfu;LAI Xiaohua(Fruit Industry Development Center in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou,Jiangxi,341000,China;Fruit Industry Development Service Center in Xinfeng County,Xinfeng,Jiangxi,341000,China;Fruit and Tea Development Service Center in Nankang District,Nankang,Jiangxi,34100O,China;Fruit Development Service Center in Anyuan County,Anyuan,Jiangxi,341000,China;Fruit and Tea Development Service Center in Xingguo County,Xingguo,Jiangxi,341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省赣州市果业发展中心,江西赣州341000 [2]信丰县果业发展服务中心,江西赣州341000 [3]赣州市南康区果茶发展服务中心,江西赣州341000 [4]安远县果业发展服务中心,江西赣州341000 [5]兴国县果茶发展服务中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期9-13,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：赣州市重点研发计划项目资助;赣南丘陵山地果园土壤质量与果实品质协同提升模式研究与应用(JKNK202304-05)资助。

摘　　要：为了解赣南脐橙品质现状及其不同区域、树龄及土壤类型对果实品质的影响,2020—2021年每年11月25—30日在17个县(市、区)66个主产乡镇的204个脐橙果园采果实样品测定内在品质。结果表明,赣南脐橙果实整体品质优良,且中部盆地区域(北纬25°34′33″~26°8′5″)品质更优,当栽植地向北或向南推移时,可溶性固形物(TSS)含量呈下降趋势,尤其南部低纬度区域可能出现显著下降;低龄树果实TSS含量较低,14~20年生树果实品质趋于稳定且TSS含量高,但树龄≥21年则品质开始降低;土壤类型对赣南脐橙果实品质影响甚弱,仅果实维生素C含量可能出现差异。为了使上市果品质量相对一致,赣南脐橙应根据区域和树龄等分批次采摘上市,中部果园和壮年园适时采收,南部和北部果园、低龄果园适当延迟采收;栽培管理方面,低龄园应通过控制氮肥施用等措施缓和树势,老龄园应通过更新复壮及扩穴增施有机肥等措施恢复树势,以改善品质。目前赣南脐橙绝大部分为2014年后定植,随树龄增长,未来十多年内赣南脐橙整体品质可能还会提升。In order to understand the current quality situation of Gannan navel orange and the effects of different regions,tree ages and soil types on fruit quality,fruit samples were collected from 204 navel orange orchards in 66 main-producing towns of 17 counties(cities and districts)from November 25th to 30th,2020 and 2021,to determine the intrinsic quality.The results showed that the overall quality of Gannan navel orange was excellent.The quality of fruits in the central basin area(25°34′33″-26°8′5″N)was better.When the planting area moved toward north or south,the contents of soluble solids(TSS)showed a decreasing tendency,especially the southern low latitude area might have a significant decrease.The fruit of the younger trees had a lower content of TSS,while the quality of the fruits from 14-20 years old trees tended to stabilize with a high TSS content.However,the quality started to decline when the age of the trees was over 21 years old.The soil type has a very weak effect on the fruit quality of Gannan navel orange,and only the vitamin C content of fruits might be different.In order to make the quality of fruits in the market relatively consistent,Gannan navel oranges should be picked and marketed in different batches according to the region and the age of the trees.The fruits of central orchards and middle-aged orchards should be harvested in time,and harvest of fruits in the southern,northern,and young orchards should be appropriately delayed.In terms of cultivation and management,the young orchards should take measures such as controlling the use of nitrogen fertilizers,etc.to alleviate the tree vigor,and the old orchards should restore the tree vigor and improve the quality of the fruits by ways of pruning and renewing,expanding the planting pits and increasing the application of organic fertilizers,etc.At present,most of Gannan navel oranges weree planted after 2014,and the overall quality of fruits would be improved in the next ten years with the increase of tree age.

关 键 词：赣南脐橙 果实品质 分布特征 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]