垫江晚柚促花保果及品质提升技术研究  

Research on the Technology of Promoting Flowering and Fruit Setting,and Quality Enhancement for Dianjiang Late Pomelo

作　　者：汪静雯 杨光霞 方旭 谭锋 王大平[3] 席万鹏[1] WANG Jingwen;YANG Guangxia;FANG Xu;TAN Feng;WANG Daping;XI Wanpeng(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China;Dianjiang County Fruit and Vegetable Management Station,Dianjiang,Chongqing,408300,China;College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Chongqing,402160,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400715 [2]垫江县果品蔬菜管理站,重庆垫江408300 [3]重庆文理学院园林与生命科学学院,重庆402160

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期19-23,共5页South China Fruits

摘　　要：在垫江晚柚生产中,存在着果率低和果实品质表现欠佳的问题。为了探寻适于垫江晚柚的控梢促花、保果和果实品质提升措施,以6年生盛果期垫江晚柚植株为试材,比较了在9月进行叶面喷施烯效唑、主干环割、断根单独或组合处理的控梢促花效果,比较了4月花期不同品种人工异花授粉后的保果效果,比较了在10月末至11月中旬间隔半月土施两次不同钾肥改善果实品质的效果。结果显示,叶面喷施烯效唑、主干环割、断根单独或组合处理均能抑制翌年春梢营养生长和促进开花,其中,烯效唑+环割处理控梢促花效果最佳;异花授粉可不同程度提高着果率,其中,长寿沙田柚授粉效果最佳,着果率可达85%;钾肥处理能显著提升垫江晚柚果实品质,施硫酸钾对于提升单果质量的效果显著,施腐殖酸钾和磷酸二氢钾则显著提高了果实维生素C含量。In the production of Dianjiang late pomelo,there are problems of low fruit set rate and poor fruit quality.In order to find out the suitable measures to promote flowering and inhibit sprouting,and improve fruit quality,6-year old full-fruiting Dianjiang late pomelo plants were used as test materials to compare the effects of foliar spraying with aliconazole,trunk girdling and root cutting treatment alone or in combination in September on promoting flowering and inhibiting sprouting,effects of artificial cross-pollination with different varieties in April during the flowering stage on fruit dropping,and effects of different potash fertilizers applied twice at intervals from the end of October to mid November on improving the fruit quality.Results showed that foliar spraying of uniconazole,girdling of the main trunks and root cutting alone or in combination could inhibit the vegetative growth of the shoots in following spring and promote flowering,among which,uniconazole+girdling treatment had the best effect on controlling the sprout of the pomelo and promoting the flowering.Cross-pollinations could improve the fruit set rate to different extents,among which,the best effect was found by pollination with Changshou Shatian pomelo,with the fruit set rate of up to 85%.Potash fertilizer treatment could improve the quality of the fruits of Dianjiang late pomelo.Application of potassium sulphate remarkably improved the quality of fruits,while application of potassium humate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate significantly increased the vitamin C content of fruit.

关 键 词：垫江晚柚 环割 烯效唑 授粉品种 钾肥 控梢 促花 保果 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]