三种因素对蛋黄果嫁接繁育的影响  

Influence of Three Different Factors on Grafting Propagation of Pouteria campechiana(Kunth)Baehni

作　　者：周彩霞 卢美瑛 周婧 周之珞 颜桢灵 赵静 韦雪英 李文砚 ZHOU Caixia;LU Meiying;ZHOU Jing;ZHOU Zhiluo;YAN Zhenling;ZHAO Jing;WEI Xueying;LI Wenyan(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi,532415,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,南宁532415

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期56-59,共4页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT165);广西崇左市科技计划(崇科FB2020004、崇科攻2021ZC20)资助。

摘　　要：为满足蛋黄果生产需要,提高蛋黄果嫁接苗成活率,探索蛋黄果嫁接的适宜方式,以“仙桃1号”蛋黄果Pouteria campechiana‘Xiantao 1’为试材,以1.5年生,主干直径≥1.0 cm的实生苗为砧木,设置顶芽、半木质化枝条、木质化枝条不同接穗,劈接、切接和合接不同嫁接方法,春季、夏季、冬季不同时期嫁接,分别测定比较不同接穗、方法、时期嫁接处理的嫁接苗成活率。结果表明,接穗类型、嫁接方法及嫁接时期对“仙桃1号”蛋黄果嫁接成活率都具有显著的影响。其中,木质化枝条接穗的嫁接成活率最高,为99.33%,其次为半木质化枝条,嫁接成活率为80.00%,顶芽的嫁接成活率最低,仅为58.67%;劈接的嫁接成活率最高,为98.00%,切接次之,为80.00%,合接最低,为61.33%;春季嫁接的成活率最高,达到100%,且嫁接苗生长较旺盛;秋季嫁接的成活率次之,为85.33%,冬季嫁接的成活率最低,仅为55.33%,且植株长势较弱。因此,春季(3—4月)选取木质化枝条劈接是“仙桃1号”蛋黄果嫁接较适宜方法。To improve the survival rate of Pouteria campechiana(Kunth)Baehni grafted seedlings and explore the best grafting methods,Xiantao No.1 P.campechiana(Kunth)Baehni was used as the test material to explore the effects of scion type,grafting method and grafting period on the grafting survival rate of P.campechiana(Kunth)Baehni.The results showed that scion type,grafting method and grafting period had significant effects on the grafting survival rate of P.campechiana(Kunth)Baehni.The survival rate of grafted seedlings with lignified branch scion was the highest(99.33%),followed by that of with semi-lignified branch scion(80%),and terminal bud scion was the lowest(58.67%).The survival rate of split grafting was the highest(98%),followed by cut grafting(90%)and union grafting(61.33%).The survival rate of grafting in spring was the highest,up to 100%,and the growth of grafted seedlings were vigorous.The survival rate of grafting in autumn was 85.33%.The survival rate of grafting in winter was the lowest,only 55.33%,and the growth of grafted seedlings was the worst.Based on the above results,the survival rate of grafted seedlings of P.campechiana(Kunth)Baehni was the highest when the lignified branches were grafted by split grafting in spring(from March to April).This study provides the technical support for efficient breeding of P.campechiana(Kunth)Baehni.

关 键 词：蛋黄果 实生苗 嫁接 木质化枝条 接穗 成活率 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]