草甘膦、草铵膦喷施对槟榔根系形态及生理的影响  

Effects of Glyphosate and Glufosinate-ammonium Application on Root Morphology and Physiology of Areca catechu

作　　者：杨国斌 陈才志 温欣宇 陈晖 甘霆 杨福孙 YANG Guobin;CHEN Caizhi;WEN Xinyu;CHEN Hui;GAN Ting;YANG Fusun(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan,570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期74-82,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金：海南省现代农业产业技术体系项目“海南省槟榔产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(HNARS2022-1-G3)”;海南省农业农村厅省重点研发计划项目“槟榔成花与开花机理及产量调控技术研究(ZDYF2022XDNY265)”资助。

摘　　要：除草剂防除杂草的同时会对非靶标作物造成一定危害,频繁使用除草剂的海南槟榔园叶片黄化症状更明显,我们推测除草剂可能导致槟榔根系退化,从而引起叶片黄化。为验证这一推断,以幼龄期与成龄期槟榔为试验材料,施用不同浓度草甘膦和草铵膦后,测定分析槟榔根系生长发育形态指标、根系活力、气生根组织结构、不同类型根系占比等。结果表明,幼龄期槟榔根系以直径0~1.5 mm根系为主,数量占总根的88%以上,表面积占总根的63%以上。与人工除草、对照(不除草)相比,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦显著降低槟榔幼苗根系鲜干质量、白色吸收根比例、吸收根活力。对于成龄期槟榔气生根,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦均引起气生根药剂残留,且农残量随施用浓度增加而增加,并阻碍槟榔气生根发育;草甘膦处理后14 d气生根死亡数达到最大,草铵膦处理后28 d达到最大。草铵膦损害气生根组织结构,使新根内皮层排列稀疏,表皮组织厚度增加,木栓化程度加深,导致根表皮细胞大量死亡,抑制气生根伸长与增粗。说明喷施草甘膦和草铵膦会导致槟榔根系木栓化,加速根系死亡,从而抑制其根系生长与发育,引起槟榔园叶片黄化。Herbicides can cause damage to non-target crops when applied for controlling the weeds.Leaf yellowing symptoms were more pronounced in Hainan areca nut plantations where herbicides were frequently used.We hypothesized that herbicides may lead to the degradation of areca nut root,which causes leaf yellowing.This experiment was conducted to determine the morphology and related physiological indexes of root growth and development of areca nut plant after the use of glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium in the field with young and adult areca nut trees.Results showed that with the root system of young areca nut plant was mainly composed of the roots with a diameter of 0-1.5 mm,which accounted for more than 88%of the total number of roots and more than 68%of the total surface area of roots.Compared with artificial weeding and control(no weeding),glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium sprays significantly reduced the fresh weight and dry matter accumulation,the proportion of white absorbing roots,and the vigor of absorbing roots.In aerial roots of adult areca nut plant,spraying of both glyphosate and glufosinate caused chemical residues in aerial root,and the pesticide residues became higher with the increase of application concentration.Spraying of glyphosate and glufosinate hindered the development of aerial roots.Aerial root death reached the maximum at 14 days after glyphosate treatment,and 28 days after glufosinate ammonium treatment.Glyphosate and glufosinate impaired the structure of aerial root tissues,which resulted the thinned endothelial layer of the new roots,increased thickness of the epidermal tissues,and deepened degree of suberification,to lead the death of a large number of epidermal cells of the roots,thus inhibiting the elongation and thickening of the aerial roots.The above results suggest that spraying glyphosate and glufosinate can accelerate the suberification of root and cause the death of roots,thus inhibiting the growth and development of the roots,and causing leaf yellowing of areca nut plant.

关 键 词：草甘膦 草铵膦 槟榔 根系 干鲜质量 气生根 木栓化 

分 类 号：S792.91[农业科学—林木遗传育种]