3个美国油梨品种在广东湛江引种表现评价  

Evaluation of Performance of 3 American Avocado Cultivars Introduced in Zhanjiang of Guangdong

作　　者：朱利飞 刘丽琴[2] 郑雪文 胡小文 杨转英 ZHU Lifei;LIU Liqin;ZHENG Xuewen;HU Xiaowen;YANG Zhuanying(College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524091,China;South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/National Tropical Fruit Germplasm Resources Nursery/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524o9l,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,广东湛江524000 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/国家热带果树种质资源圃/农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江524000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期83-90,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家十三五重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002205);2020年省一流专业——园艺(010306052103);农业农村部物种品种资源保护费项目(102125171630060009001)资助。

摘　　要：为了解引入国家热带果树种质资源圃(广东省湛江市)的Hass、Tonnage和Wilson 3个美国油梨品种的生育期、果实品质性状和适应性等情况,对3个品种花形态、开花特性、开花授粉受精生理特征和主要果实性状等进行观测和比较分析。结果表明,3个油梨品种在广东省湛江市均能正常开花结果,花期均为2月下旬至4月中旬,花期比原产地短10~20 d,Hass和Tonnage为A型花,Wilson为B型花;Hass、Tonnage和Wilson花粉萌发率分别为87%、75%和82%,开花后3 h为最佳授粉期。Hass果实生理成熟期11月初,Tonnage为8月中旬,Wilson为9月初;果实风味、口感、颜色等性状与引种地基本一致,Wilson平均单果质量达到引种地的2倍多,而Tonnage单果质量只达到引种地的69.5%,Hass单果质量与原产地相近。To know the growth and development period,fruit quality traits,and adaptability of three American avocado cultivars(Hass,Tonnage,and Wilson)introduced into the National Tropical Fruit Germplasm Resources Nursery in Zhanjiang,Guangdong,flower morphology,flowering characteristics,Physiological characteristics of flowering,pollination and fertilization and main fruit traits of these cultivars were observed and compared to better understand their performance in China.The results showed that three avocado cultivars can bloom and bear fruit normally in Zhanjiang of Guangdong with flowering period from late February to middle April,10-20 days shorter than that of at their origin.The type of flower of Hass and Tonnage was type A,and Wilson was type B.The pollen germination rate of Hass,Tonnage,and Wilson was 87%,75%,and 82%,respectively.The best pollination period was observed to be 3 hours after flowering.The fruit physiological maturity period was early November for Hass,early August for Tonnage,and early September for Wilson.The fruit flavor,taste,and color traits were consistent with those of the introduction area,while the average single fruit weight of Wilson was twice than that of in the introduction area,the single fruit weight of Tonnage was only 69.5%of that in the introduction area,and the single fruit weight of Hass was similar to that of in its origin.

关 键 词：油梨 HASS 引种 花期 花粉萌发率 单果质量 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]