毛花猕猴桃新品种“赣绿1号”的生物学特性及关键栽培技术  

Biological Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of New Actinidia eriantha Cultivar Ganlv No.1

作　　者：高欢 肖委明 廖光联 黄春辉[1] 贾东峰 李芸 宋明昌 黄鹃 徐小彪[1] GAO Huan;XIAO Weiming;LIAO Guanglian;HUANG Chunhui;JIA Dongfeng;LI Yun;SONG Mingchang;HUANG Juan;XU Xiaobiao(Kiwifruit Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,330045,China;Jinggangshan National Agricultural Science and Technology Park,Ji'an,Jiangxi,343016,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学猕猴桃研究所,南昌330045 [2]井冈山国家农业科技园,江西吉安343016

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期179-184,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：井冈山农高区科技发展专项[井农科字(2021)51号]资助。

摘　　要：以毛花猕猴桃“赣绿1号”为研究材料,“赣猕6号”(相似品种)为试验对照,对其主要生物学特性进行了系统观测与分析,探明该品种的生长发育规律,以期为制定合理的栽培管理措施提供理论依据。研究表明,在江西省宜春市奉新县地区,“赣绿1号”伤流期在2月上中旬,初花期在5月上旬,终花期在5月中旬,果实成熟期在10月下旬,为晚熟二倍体品种;“赣绿1号”成叶长卵圆形,叶面无茸毛,花为伞房花序,每花序单花3~5朵,花瓣粉红色,花药淡黄色;“赣绿1号”果实近圆柱形至长卵圆形,平均单果质量46.5 g,果形指数为2.52,果实软熟时可溶性固形物含量19.40%,最高达22.20%,干物质含量21.75%,可溶性糖含量为9.25%,可滴定酸含量为0.94%,抗坏血酸含量为662.6 mg/100 g,果肉呈墨绿色,肉质细嫩,风味甜香。“赣绿1号”植株树势较强壮,耐热抗旱,适应性强,果实富含抗坏血酸,易剥皮,综合性状优良且遗传性状稳定。“赣绿1号”在无霜期130 d以上、≥10℃积温达1500℃以上的地方均可栽培,宜选择海拔1000 m以下,pH值6.0~7.0,土壤疏松肥沃、有机质含量丰富、灌溉方便的砂壤土建园。成龄果园一般每年施肥2~3次,萌芽肥以N肥为主,壮果肥以P、K、Ca肥为主,秋季基肥以有机肥为主。架式宜采用水平大棚架或T型小棚架,株行距(2.5~3.0)m×(3.5~4.0)m,雌雄株比例为(6~8)∶1。蕾期及时“零芽”折梢修剪,幼果期及时疏果与套袋。采用单干双主蔓多侧蔓整形方式,冬季修剪时可采用中长蔓修剪法,短截、疏删与回缩相结合。With Ganmi No.6 as control,the main economic characters of Ganlv No.1 were preliminarily identified,and the dynamic changes of fruit quality and sugar and acid contents during fruit growth and development were investigated,in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the scientific cultivation methods for regulating the nutritional components of fruits.The results showed that in Fengxin County,Yichun City of Jiangxi Province,Ganlv No.1 was late-maturing with bleeding period in early February,initial flowering period in early May,fading period in mid-May and fruit maturing period in late October.Leaf is in long oval-shape without villous on surface,the flower is a corymb with 3 to 5 single flowers per inflorescence.The color of petals is pink and the anthers is light yellow.The average fruit weight was 46.5 g and the fruit shape index was 2.52.The average content of SSC,DM,TS,TA,AsA was 19.40%,21.75%,9.25%,0.94%and 662.6 mg/100 g,respectively.The flesh was dark green,tender and sweet flavor.Ganlv No.1 had strong tree vigor,heat and drought resistance,good adaptability,with fruit rich in vitamin C and easy peeling,and excellent comprehensive characters and genetically stable traits.This variety can be cultivated in the areas where the frost-free period is more than 130 days and the accumulated temperature of≥10℃is more than 1,500℃.It is advisable to choose sandy loam soil land with loose,fertile and rich in organic matter soil in pH value of 6.0-7.0,convenient irrigation condition,and an altitude of less than 1,000 m to set the orchard.Adult tree orchard is generally fertilized 2—3 times a year.In sprouting period is mainly fertilized with fast-releasing N fertilizer,the fertilizer applied in fruiting stage is mainly fast-releasing P,K and Ca fertilizers,and organic fertilizer is mainly applied in Autumn.Suitable trellis is horizontal large shed frame or T shaped small shed frame.Planting space was(2.5-3.0)m×(3.5-4.0)m,and the ratio of female to male plants was 6-8.Zero bud pruning is applied in b

关 键 词：毛花猕猴桃 “赣绿1号” 生物学特性 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]