自然保护地体系、国家公园、风景名胜区规划编制技术与整合优化方法——基于政策指引下的国土景观治理  

Planning Compilation Techniques and Integrated Optimization Methods of Natural Protected Area System,National Park and Scenic Spot:Based on Landscaping Governance under Policy Guidelines

作　　者：彭茜 金云峰[2,3] PENG Xi;JIN Yunfeng

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室 [3]上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司

出　　处：《城乡规划》2023年第6期81-90,共10页Urban and Rural Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“面向生活圈空间绩效的社区公共绿地公平性布局优化——以上海为例”(项目编号:51978480)。

摘　　要：文章论述自然保护地体系及其规划的内涵与外延,梳理保护地体系建立的历程和原因,同时探讨国家公园在自然保护地体系中从“代表”上升为“主体”的地位强化过程。国家公园在自然保护地体系中发挥关键的示范和引领作用。然而,当风景名胜区被纳入自然保护地体系,风景名胜区不应认定为升级国家公园前的不稳定发展,而应与国家公园分工承担不同保护功能的不同自然保护地类型,建议研究如何设立不转为国家公园的“永久风景名胜区”。此外,风景名胜区规划与城市总体规划,在用地分类、管理重点和规划目标等方面存在协调和融合问题。鉴于此,文章提出作为国土空间专项规划的自然保护地体系规划,应与“五级三类”规划体系相衔接,从国土空间规划传导的政策指引和系统协调、管制各类土地资源用途的角度,重新审视和分析以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系专项规划的传导体系框架,以及各类自然保护地整合优化等问题。另外,文章澄清了自然保护地体系内部的层级传导关系,包括自然保护地体系(第一层级)、国家公园、自然保护地和各类自然公园(第二层级)、风景名胜区等(第三层级),探索国土景观的空间治理新路径。The article discusses the connotation and extension of the natural protected area system and its planning,reviews the establishment process and reasons for the protected area system,and explores the process of the national park transitioning from a"representative"to a"main body"status within the natural protected area system.National parks play a crucial role in demonstrating and leading within the natural protected area system.However,when scenic spots are incorporated into the natural protected area system,their inclusion should not be viewed as unstable development before upgrading to a national park.Instead,they should be considered as different types of natural protected areas with distinct conservation functions compared to national parks.The article suggests researching the establishment of"permanent scenic areas"that do not convert into national parks.Additionally,there are coordination and integration issues between scenic spot planning and urban master planning,particularly in land use classification,management focus,and planning objectives.In light of this,the article proposes that the planning of the natural protected area system as a special plan for national territorial space should align with the"five-level and three-category"planning system.It emphasizes reevaluating and analyzing the transmission system framework of special planning for the natural protected area system,primarily led by national parks,from the perspective of policy guidance and systematic coordination,controlling various land resource uses.The article further clarifies the hierarchical transmission relationships within the natural protected area system,including the natural protected area system(first level),national parks,natural protected areas,and various types of nature parks(second level),and scenic spots(third level).It explores new spatial governance paths for national landscapes.

关 键 词：自然保护地 国家公园 风景名胜区 国土空间规划 国土景观 风景园林 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]