主权原则对网络域外执法的规制  

Regulation of Exterritorial Law Enforcement in Cyberspace under the Principle of Sovereignty

作　　者：古俊峰[1] 施涵佳 GU Jun-feng;SHI Han-jia

机构地区：[1]汕头大学法学院/生态治理与法治建设研究中心,广东汕头515063 [2]苏州大学法学院,江苏苏州215031

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第2期124-133,186,187,共12页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：面对网络技术带来的“数据位置不明”情形以及网络犯罪超时空的瞬发性与强动态性,国家执法机关对于网络犯罪的域外打击需求难以通过传统双多边执法协助机制化解,只能诉诸网络新型域外执法措施,即“执法机关直接域外执法”及“由第三方私主体协助而进行间接域外执法”。然而,这些措施本质上属于单边域外执法行为,与主权原则对执法行为设定的地域限制存在冲突。由于缺乏条约与习惯法依据,此类措施在国际法上面临合法性窘境。面对打击网络犯罪、维护网络空间安全的现实需求,国家可以谨慎诉诸善意原则,通过实现权利与义务的平衡而寻求个案基础上的合法性出路。中国网络域外刑事执法行为的相关立法,亦应依据善意原则作进一步完善,为国家网络域外执法实践提供合法性指引。Faced with the situation of“data location uncertainty”brought about by network technology and the dynamic characteristics of network crime,the national law enforcement agencies for fighting network crime cannot effectively fight those outside their jurisdiction through traditional bilateral and multilateral law enforcement assistance mechanisms.Instead,they have to resort to new forms of extraterritorial law enforcement measures in the network era,namely“direct extraterritorial law enforcement by law enforcement agencies”and“indirect extraterritorial law enforcement assisted by third-party private entities”.However,these measures are essentially unilateral extraterritorial law enforcement actions that conflict with the territorial restrictions on law enforcement actions set by the principle of sovereignty.Due to the lack of basis of treaty and customary law,these measures face legitimacy dilemmas in international law.In response to the practical needs of combating network crime and maintaining network security,the country can cautiously invoke the principle of goodness to seek a legitimate outlet based on case-by-case balancing of rights and obligations.The relevant legislation of China’s extraterritorial network criminal law enforcement behavior should also be further improved based on the principle of goodness,providing legitimate guidance for national network extraterritorial law enforcement practices.

关 键 词：跨境网络犯罪 网络域外执法 主权原则 善意原则 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]