论《合同编解释》对撤销权人的三重保护——以《合同编解释》第46条为中心  

The Triple Protections to Avoidance Right Holder in the Interpretations of Contracts Part--Focus on Art.46 of the Interpretations of Contracts Part

作　　者：王利明[1] 潘重阳 WANG Liming;PAN Chongyang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心 [2]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2024年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国《民法典》实施中的重大疑难问题研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:23&ZD152。

摘　　要：《合同编解释》第46条对债权人撤销权提供了三重保护,债权人可以在撤销权诉讼中同时请求相对人恢复原状或履行到期债务。这一规则使得撤销权诉讼可以兼具形成之诉与给付之诉的性质,但法院裁判仍应以债权人的请求为限,而不得在债权人未请求时直接判决给付内容。基于撤销权诉讼判决的给付内容,债权人可以在获得其与债务人的诉讼生效法律文书时,向相对人申请强制执行,并依撤销权诉讼中给付内容的性质可能需要适用有关代位执行的规定。在债务人具有多个债权人的场合,应当区分债权人是否获得撤销权中的给付判决,分别确定受偿规则。《合同编解释》第46条关于保全的规则并未突破一般诉讼保全规则,可从程序法上为撤销权人提供必要的保护。Article 46 of the Interpretations of Contracts Part provides a completely new contents to the creditor's right of avoidance,in that the creditor may request the counterparty to make restitution or to perform matured debts at the same time in an action for avoidance.This rule makes action for the right of avoidance can be both the nature of action of formation and action of payment,but court decisions should still be limited to the creditor's request,and may not be a direct judgment on the content of the payment without the creditor's request.Based upon the payment content of the judgment in the action of avoidance,the creditor may apply for enforcement to the counterparty when obtaining the effective legal document of the lawsuit between the creditor and the debtor,and may apply the provisions on subrogation in the need of the nature of payment content in the action of avoidance.Where the debtor has multiple creditors,it is necessary to distinguish whether the creditors have obtained a judgment for payment in the right of avoidance,and the rules of payment should be ascertained separately.The rules on preservation in Art.46 of the Interpretations of Contracts Part do not break through the general rules of litigation preservation,and can provide the avoidance right holder with the necessary protections in the procedure law.

关 键 词：《合同编解释》 债权人撤销权 强制执行 代位执行 诉讼保全 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]