建立个人破产制度的进展、问题及对策  

Progress,Problems and Countermeasures of Establishing Personal Bankruptcy System

作　　者：于涛 王刚[1,2] YU Tao;WANG Gang

机构地区：[1]国务院发展研究中心金融所,北京100010 [2]国务院发展研究中心金融机构室,北京100010

出　　处：《北方论丛》2024年第1期68-79,共12页The Northern Forum

摘　　要：个人破产制度不仅是信贷市场安全网、金融市场安全网,也是社会安全网的重要组成部分。随着市场经济发展,非法人企业、商自然人以及公民自然人等参与经济活动的频率提高、深度增加,个人破产问题愈发凸显。个人破产制度的缺失,表明基本经济制度落后于经济和消费金融发展实践,影响市场活力和社会安全网建设,已成为市场主体制度亟需补齐的短板。当前,建立个人破产制度的基本条件已经具备,但在立法思路、逃废债监督、管理制度和社会理念等方面仍存在分歧。未来,宜加快中国个人破产制度的构建,统筹考虑整体统一推进破产立法、平衡好重整和清算、严格防范破产欺诈、规避破产制度滥用、优化个人破产管理制度等事宜,为“诚实而不幸”的债务人提供经济上重生的机会。The personal bankruptcy system not only belongs to the credit market safety net and the financial market safety net,but also an important part of the social safety net.With the development of the market economy,the frequency and depth of partici-pation in economic activities by unincorporated enterprises,commercial natural persons and citizen natural persons are increasing,and the problem of personal bankruptcy is becoming more prominent.The absence of personal bankruptcy system indicates that the basic economic system lags behind the development practices of economy and consumer finance,affecting market vitality and the construction of social safety net,and has become a shortcoming of the market system that needs to be remedied urgently.At pres-ent,the basic conditions for the establishment of the personal bankruptcy system are in place,but there are still differences in terms of legislative thinking,supervision of debt evasion,management system and social idea.In the future,it is advisable to accelerate the construction of China's personal bankruptcy system,comprehensively consider the overall and unified promotion of bankruptey legislation,balance reorganization and liquidation,strictly prevent bankruptcy fraud,avoid the abuse of the bankruptcy system,op-timize the personal bankruptcy management system and other matters,so as to provide the"honest and unfortunate"debtors with opportunities for economic rebirth.

关 键 词：个人破产 重整 清算 破产管理 破产欺诈 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]