2015—2022年泸州市狂犬病暴露人群监测及发病相关性分析  

Correlation analysis on surveillance and incidence of rabies-exposed population in Luzhou City from 2015 to 2022

作　　者：常豫红[1] 王小娟 蒋德勇[1] CHANG Yuhong;WANG Xiaojuan;JIANG Deyong(Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luzhou 646300,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]泸州市疾病预防控制中心,四川泸州646300

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第1期47-53,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解泸州市狂犬病暴露就诊人群暴露特征及处置情况,为狂犬病消除工作提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对泸州市2015—2022年狂犬病暴露人群监测资料和疫情资料进行分析。采用Excel 2003软件对数据进行统计分析,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行χ^(2)检验和秩相关分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2015—2022年全市累计报告狂犬病就诊暴露者413736例,男女比0.92∶1,年均暴露率1226.61/10万。伤人动物以犬为主245735例(59.39%),流浪动物伤人16679例(4.03%)。暴露部位主要集中在四肢380027例(91.85%),头颈部暴露19978例(4.83%)。暴露程度以Ⅲ级为主255044例(61.64%)。90045例(21.76%)暴露者就诊前对伤口进行了处置,364530例(88.11%)在PEP门诊处置。疫苗全程接种391585例(94.65%),注射被动免疫制剂41945例(16.45%)。8年间暴露就诊率、流浪动物伤人比例、头颈部暴露率、Ⅲ级暴露率、伤口处置率、疫苗全程接种率均呈上升趋势(P均<0.05)。狂犬病发病率与PEP门诊外科医生比例、伤口自行处置率、疫苗全程接种率呈负相关(P<0.05),2021—2022年已实现“零”病例目标。结论泸州市狂犬病暴露就诊率较高,呈上升趋势,伤人动物以犬为主。提高伤口自行处置率和暴露后就诊率,加强PEP门诊建设、规范处置伤口、全程接种狂犬病疫苗可有效控制狂犬病的发生。Objective To understand the exposure characteristics and disposition of the rabies-exposed population in Luzhou City,and to provide basis for rabies elimination work.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the surveillance data and epidemic data of rabies exposed population in Luzhou City from 2015 to 2022.Excel 2003 software and SPSS 23.0 software were used for Chi-squsre test and rank correlation analysis of the data.And P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 413736 cases of rabies exposure were reported in the city from 2015 to 2022,with a male-to-female ratio of 0.92∶1 and an average annual exposure rate of 1226.61/105.Dogs were the main wounding animals(245735 cases,59.39%),followed by stray animals(16679 cases,4.03%).Exposure body parts were mainly concentrated in extremities of 380027 cases(91.85%),and head and neck of 19978 cases(4.83%).There were 255044 cases of grade III exposures(61.64%).A total of 900045(21.76%)exposed people had their wounds treated before visiting clinics,and 364530 cases(88.11%)were treated in PEP(post-exposure prophylaxis)clinics.A total of 391585(94.65%)cases were fully vaccinated and 41945(16.45%)were injected with passive immunization preparations.Upward trends(P<0.05)showed up in the rate of exposure visits,the proportion of stray animal injuries,the rate of head and neck exposure,grade III exposure,the rate of wound disposal,and the rate of full vaccination in the past 8 years.The incidence of rabies was negatively correlated with the proportion of surgeons in the PEP clinics,the rate of wound disposal,and the rate of full vaccination(all P<0.05).The goal of“zero”cases had been achieved from 2021 to 2022.Conclusions The rate of rabies exposure in Luzhou City was relatively high and showed an upward trend,and dogs were the main animals hurting people.The incidence of rabies could be effectively controlled by increasing the rate of wound self-disposal before visiting clinics and the rate of postexposure visit,s

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露人群 预防处置 监测 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]