波浪入射角度对圆端形桥墩模型水槽试验阻塞效应影响  

Influence of Wave Incidence Angle on Blockage Effect of Round-ended Pier Model in Wave Flume Test

作　　者：魏凯 邢少一 秦竟熙 杨雄欣 WEI Kai;XING Shao-yi;QIN Jing-xi;YANG Xiong-xin(School of Bridge Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of California,Los Angeles CA 90024,California,USA;Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]加州大学洛杉矶分校,土木与环境工程系,加利福尼亚洛杉矶CA 90024 [3]上海市政工程设计有限公司,上海200000

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2024年第1期81-90,共10页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20154,52222804)。

摘　　要：模型水槽试验是开展桥梁墩柱结构波浪作用研究的常用手段之一,当桥墩模型尺寸较大时,阻塞效应对桥墩模型波浪作用的影响不可忽略。桥墩常用的圆端形截面非中心对称,其波浪荷载受波浪入射角度影响大,但波浪入射角度对模型试验阻塞效应的影响尚未完全清楚。因此,开展了不同尺度、不同波浪入射角度下圆端形桥墩波浪荷载水槽试验,分析了波浪入射角度对阻塞效应的影响;建立了基于雷诺时均(RANS)方程和k-ε湍流模型的三维数值波浪水槽,采用质量源造波,揭示了不同阻塞比下波浪力的变化规律,探明了不同波浪入射角度下的临界阻塞比;考虑不同波浪入射角度的影响,提出了阻塞效应影响下的圆端形桥墩模型波浪力修正方法,并结合数值模拟验证了方法的合理性。研究结果表明:①阻塞效应会增大圆端形桥墩受到的正向波浪力;②波浪入射角度会对圆端形桥墩的阻塞效应产生影响,从而导致不同波浪入射角度下的临界阻塞比不同,但临界水槽宽度为6倍桥墩阻水宽度时便可有效避免阻塞效应的产生;③以正向波浪力峰值为研究对象求得了修正系数,并提出了圆端形桥墩在任意波浪入射角度下受阻塞效应影响的波浪力修正公式,且修正效果较好。相关研究成果对跨海桥梁波浪作用水槽试验、波浪荷载计算等具有参考价值。Model flume tests are commonly used to study the wave action on bridge pier column structures.When the pier model is large,the influence of the blockage effect on the wave action of the bridge-pier model cannot be ignored.The wave load of the circular terminal section of the bridge pier is significantly affected by the wave incidence angle.However,the influence of the wave incidence angle on the blockage effect of the model test remains unclear.Therefore,wave load flume tests at different scales and wave incidence angles were performed in this work to analyze the influence of the wave incidence angle on the blockage effect.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on Reynolds time mean(RANS)equation and k-εturbulence model was established.A mass source was used to generate waves.The changes in the wave force under different blockage ratios were revealed,and the critical blockage ratios under different wave incidence angles were investigated.Considering the influence of different wave incidence angles,a wave force correction method for a circular pier model under the influence of the blockage effect is proposed,and the rationality of the method was verified via numerical simulation.The results show that:①the blockage effect increases the positive wave force on the round-ended pier;②the wave incidence angle affects the blockage effect of the round-ended pier,resulting in different critical blockage ratios under different wave incidence angles.However,the blockage effect can be effectively avoided when the critical flume width is six times the water-blocking width of the pier;③using the peak value of the forward wave force as the research object,the correction coefficient was obtained,and the wave force correction formula of the round-ended pier affected by the blocking effect at any wave incidence angle is proposed;the correction effect is good.The relevant research results provide reference value for wave action flume tests and wave load calculations for bridges over the sea.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 圆端形桥墩 水槽试验 波浪作用 阻塞效应 波浪入射角度 修正公式 

分 类 号：U44[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]