适配变压器全档位切换暂态分析的有载分接开关电路模型构建  

Construction of On-load Tap-changer Circuit Model for Transient Analysis of Transformer Full-range Switching

作　　者：司马文霞[1] 王大森 杨鸣[1] 李刚 厉璇 杨建琴[4] SIMA Wenxia;WANG Dasen;YANG Ming;LI Gang;LI Xuan;YANG Jianqin(State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology,Chongqing University,Chong-qing 400044,China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100192,China;State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102209,China;Shanghai Humming Electric Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200333,China)

机构地区：[1]输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室(重庆大学),重庆400044 [2]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京100192 [3]国网经济技术研究院有限公司,北京102209 [4]上海华明电力设备制造有限公司,上海200333

出　　处：《高电压技术》2024年第2期478-488,I0001,I0002,共13页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2402100)。

摘　　要：有载分接开关(on-loadtap-changer,OLTC)是换流变压器的核心组件,其可靠切换过程关乎换流变的安全。然而目前国内在运特高压换流变用OLTC完全依赖进口,仿真获取OLTC不同运行状态的暂态特性数据是支撑OLTC关键电气参数设计与国产化制造的基础。经典的OLTC模型仅改变变压器变比或仅模拟单级档位切换过程,难以满足全档位电压调整与各级档位暂态特性数据同步获取的需求,导致OLTC设计优化、参数选型及故障分析缺乏足够的仿真数据支持。该文首先以真空OLTC为研究对象建立切换开关和极性开关等效电路模型,根据OLTC复杂的调压功能建立分层控制系统。其次,在PSCAD中搭建交流仿真系统,获取有载调压过程的暂态特性数据波形,与解析计算得到的电压和电流相比误差小于0.2%,证明该模型满足OLTC电磁暂态仿真研究的精度要求。最后,开展循环调压仿真,获得负载电压数据与波形。结果表明:该文提出的OLTC模型能够接收外部控制信号,进行全档位调压与极性转换仿真分析,能够为OLTC的调压研究、故障溯源分析和过渡电阻设计选型等提供基础模型。On-load tap-changer(OLTC)is the core component of converter transformer,and its reliable switching process is related to the safety of converter.However,at present,OLTCs operated in ultra-high voltage converter transformers in domestic are completely dependent on imports.Obtaining transient characteristics data of OLTC in different operating states through simulation is the basis for supporting the design of key electrical parameters of OLTC and localization manufacturing.The classical OLTC models only change the transformer ratio or simulate the single-stage switching pro-cess,which is difficult to meet the requirements of voltage adjustment of full-range and synchronous acquisition of transient characteristics data of all taps,resulting in the lack of sufficient simulation data support for OLTC design opti-mization,parameter selection and fault analysis.In this paper,the equivalent circuit models of diverter switch and change-over selector were established based on vacuum OLTC,and the hierarchical control system was established ac-cording to the complex voltage regulation function of OLTC.Secondly,an AC simulation system was built in PSCAD to obtain the transient characteristic data waveform of on-load voltage regulation process.Compared with the analytical cal-culation of voltage and current,the error is less than 0.2%,which proves that the model meets the accuracy requirements of OLTC electromagnetic transient simulation research.Finally,the cyclic voltage regulation simulation was carried out to obtain the load voltage data and waveform.The results show that the OLTC model proposed in this paper can receive ex-ternal control signals and perform full-range voltage regulation and change-over simulation analysis,which can provide a basic model for OLTC voltage regulation research,fault tracing analysis and transition resistance design and selection.

关 键 词：有载分接开关 极性开关 切换开关 恢复电压 承载电流 

分 类 号：TM403.4[电气工程—电器]