微生物菌剂对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响  

Effects of microbial agents on soil nutrients,cotton yield and quality in drip irrigation cotton fields

作　　者：罗林毅 陈瑞杰 阮向阳 任晓辉 曲奥 苏海婷 冶军[1] LUO Linyi;CHEN Ruijie;RUAN Xiangyang;REN Xiaohui;QU Ao;SU Haiting;YE Jun(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第1期26-33,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技项目“不同类型腐植酸对棉花盐胁迫的缓解机制及促生关键技术研究”(2022ZD058);校企横向联合课题“萌帮高效肥增效机理研究及技术服务”。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同微生物菌剂施用量对土壤养分活化、棉花产量及品质的影响,为滴灌棉田合理施用微生物菌剂提供参考。【方法】采用室内培养与田间小区试验相结合方法,室内培养将微生物菌剂施入含有土壤的培养盒中,分别培养0、5、10、15、20 d,分析微生物菌剂对土壤养分活化效率最大的时间;田间小区试验设置4个处理:CK(不施微生物菌剂)、T_(1)(施微生物菌剂75 L/hm^(2))、T_(2)(施微生物菌剂150 L/hm^(2))、T_(3)(施微生物菌剂300 L/hm^(2)),每个处理设3个重复,分析微生物菌剂对土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响。【结果】0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层的有效硅、有效磷、速效钾含量随着施用微生物菌剂的增加而增加,T_(3)处理效果最显著。T_(3)处理的单铃重较CK增加8.7%,产量增加14.6%。T_(3)处理的绒长、断裂比强度、纺纱均匀性指数较CK显著增加;马克隆值由C_(2)级提高至B_(2)级。【结论】微生物菌剂施入土壤的第5 d对土壤养分的活化效果最佳,且能够增加土壤有效硅、有效磷、速效钾的有效含量,提高棉花产量并改善品质。【Objective】To study the effects of different application amounts of microbial agents on soil nutrient activation,cotton yield and quality with a view of providing a reference for the rational application of microbial agents in drip irrigation cotton fields.【Methods】The project scheme was designed by combining indoor culture experiment and field community experiment.Indoor culture test setting:the microbial agent was applied to the soil containing the culture box to incubate 0,5,10,15,20 d,respectively to analyze the maximum efficiency of the microbial agent on soil nutrient activation.Four treatments were set up in the field experiment:CK(no microbial agent),T_(1)(application of microbial agent 75 L/hm^(2)),T_(2)(application of microbial agent 150 L/hm^(2)),T_(3)(application of microbial agent 300 L/hm^(2)),and 3 replicates for each treatment were set to analyze the effects of microbial agent on soil nutrients and cotton yield and quality.【Results】The content of available silicon,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers increased with the increase of microbial agents,and the T_(3)treatment effect was the most significant.At 40-60 cm soil layer,the soil nutrients of each treatment were not significantly different from CK.The single bell weight of the T_(3)treatment increased by 8.7%compared with CK and the yield increased by 14.6%.The pile length,Fracture ratio strength and Spinning uniformity index of T_(3)treatment were significantly increased compared with the control.The Micronaire was reduced and the quality was increased from C_(2)to B_(2).【Conclusion】On the fifth day of microbial agent application into the soil,the best activation effect on soil nutrients is achieved,which can increase the effective content of silicon,phosphorus and quick potassium in the soil,thus leading to the high yield of cotton and improving the quality,too.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 养分活化 棉花 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]