伊犁河谷野果林传粉昆虫物种多样性及访花行为特征  

Characteristics of pollinating insect types and floral visiting behavior in wild fruit forests of the Ili Valley

作　　者：席欧彦 王晨日 古丽奴尔·吐拉西 胡红英 XI Ouyan;WANG Chenri;Gulinuer Tulaxi;HU Hongying(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering/College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院/新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第1期190-198,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发项目“天山野果林关键生物类群生存现状与有害生物谱系特征”(2016YEC0501501);新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0503)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆伊犁河谷野果林传粉昆虫物种多样性及访花行为特征,分析传粉昆虫资源及昆虫访花行为,为伊犁河谷野果林传粉昆虫资源的保护与利用提供参考数据。【方法】选取新疆伊犁河谷野果林主要分布的4个县(新源县、巩留县、霍城县和伊宁县)为研究样地,采集并鉴定该地的传粉昆虫,并分析4个样地的传粉昆虫和春夏2个季节传粉昆虫的组成类型和物种多样性;其次,运用定点调查方法研究野苹果花和林下草地2种主要显花植物的传粉昆虫的访花行为,评价其传粉效率。【结果】发现并记录伊犁河谷野果林传粉昆虫1485头,155种,隶属6目39科110属,其中地蜂(Andrena sp.)、淡脉隧蜂(Lasioglossum sp.)和意大利蜂(Apis mellifera L.)为主要传粉昆虫,4个样地的物种多样性指数和丰富度指数存在显著差异,相似性指数表明伊宁县的传粉昆虫与其它3个样地均不同;意大利蜂的日访花节律最高值出现在13:00~13:30;野生地蜂和淡脉隧蜂的传粉效率明显高于家养的意大利蜂。【结论】新疆伊犁河谷野果林是重要的野生果树发源地,野生蜂的访花频率高于家养蜂,野生蜂淡脉隧蜂和地蜂传粉效率在家养蜂意大利蜂之上。【Objective】Ili Valley is the birthplace of many wild fruit trees,but in recent years,the ecosystems and biodiversity of wild fruit forests have been seriously damaged by pests and human interference.【Methods】Select four counties with the main distribution of wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley of Xinjing(Xinyuan,Gongliu,Huocheng and Yining),where wild fruit forests were mainly distributed and then their pollinating insects were collected and identified.Secondly,the pollinating insects of two major flowering plants,wild apple flower and understory grass were investigated by targeted survey to evaluate their pollination efficiency.【Results】The study showed that 1485 numbers and 155 species of pollinating insects belonged to 6 orders and 39 families and 110 genera were found and recorded in the wild fruit forests of the Ili Valley,Andrena sp.,Lasioglossum sp.and Apis mellifera L.were the main pollinators.The similarity index showed that the pollinators in Yining were different from those in the other three sample sites;the study of the flower visiting behavior of Hymenoptera insects showed that the highest daily flower visiting rhythm of Apis mellifera occurred at 13:00-13:30.The pollination efficiency of wild Andrena sp.and Lasioglossum sp.were significantly higher than that of domestic Apis mellifera L.The wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley was an important source of wild fruit trees.【Conclusion】The clarification of pollinator resources and insect flower-visiting behavior in the Ili Valley,Xinjing.

关 键 词：生物多样性 野生蜜蜂 传粉效率 访花行为 

分 类 号：S436[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]