2010~2021年新疆库鲁斯台草原动态遥感监测变化分析  

Analysis of dynamic remote sensing monitoring changes in Kulusitai grassland in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2021

作　　者：刘亮 彭建 李刚勇 韩万强 刘玉佳 关靖云 刘程才 郑江华[1,4] LIU Liang;PENG Jian;LI Gangyong;HAN Wanqiang;LIU Yujia;GUAN Jingyun;LIU Chengcai;ZHENG Jianghua(College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grassland Station,Urumqi 830000,China;Tacheng Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Tacheng Xinjiang 834700,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology,Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]塔城地区林业和草原局,新疆塔城834700 [4]新疆绿洲生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第1期230-240,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：库鲁斯台草原生态保护恢复工程遥感监测(202005140017);新疆天山雪松计划项目(2020XS04);新疆国土空间生态修复规划专题研究(二标段)新疆陆地生态系统修复策略和空间布局专题研究(202105140022);新疆重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程规划(202005140014)。

摘　　要：【目的】监测新疆库鲁斯台草原近12年动态变化状况,为生态系统可持续发展和管理提供理论支撑。【方法】利用新疆库鲁斯台草原2010~2021年Landsat影像,计算7种植被指数,基于野外实测草地高度、盖度及生物量数据构建草地退化指数(Grassland degradation index,GDI),建立基于最优植被指数和GDI的库鲁斯台草原草地退化反演模型;并对库鲁斯台草原草地退化状况进行分等定级,从草地退化等级、变化方向及变化强度综合分析库鲁斯台草原动态变化。【结果】(1)地上生物量、覆盖度及高度3个指标在草地退化监测中的权重由大到小为覆盖度(37.6%)>地上生物量(34.3%)>高度(28.1%)。(2)7种植被指数中NDVI与GDI相关性最高,R^(2)为0.854,基于NDVI的草地退化监测模型为GDI=0.860×NDVI+0.038。(3)2010~2021年库鲁斯台草原重度退化面积有所减少,变化方向主要以退化恢复型和未变化型为主,退化增强型面积为减少趋势,变化强度主要为无变化强度及慢速变化强度。【结论】近12年新疆库鲁斯台草原退化过程减弱。【Objective】Grassland is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem in the world.Dynamic monitoring of grassland will help to understand grassland status and provide important theoretical support for sustainable development and management of ecosystem.【Methods】Using the 2010-2021 Landsat images of the Kulusitai grassland in Xinjiang,seven vegetation indices were calculated,and the grassland degradation index(GDI)was constructed based on field measurements of grassland height,cover and biomass.An inversion model of degradation in Kulusitai grassland was established based on optimal vegetation index and GDI.The grassland degradation status in the study area was graded and graded,and finally the change in Kulusitai grassland was comprehensively analyzed from three aspects of grassland degradation grade,change direction and change intensity.【Results】(1)The weight of aboveground biomass,coverage and height in grassland degradation monitoring was determined by factor analysis in descending order:coverage(37.6%)>aboveground biomass(34.3%)>height(28.1%).(2)NDVI had the highest correlation with GDI among the seven vegetation indices,with R^(2)of 0.854,and the model of grassland degradation monitoring based on NDVI was GDI=0.860×NDVI+0.038.(3)From 2010 to 2021,the severely degraded area of Kulusitai grassland decreased,and the change direction was mainly in the degraded recovery type and the unchanged type,while the degraded enhanced type showed a decreasing trend,and the change intensity was mainly in the unchanged intensity and the slow intensity.【Conclusion】As a whole,the degradation process of the Xinjiang Kulusitai grassland has been weakening in the past 12 years.

关 键 词：草地退化监测 植被指数 监测模型 库鲁斯台草原 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]