飞行员力量训练与评估方法研究  

Research on Strength Training and Evaluation Method of Fighter Pilots

作　　者：徐艳 谭清坡 杨景慧 李宝辉 孟男 高峰 王海霞 李毅峰 耿喜臣 XU Yan;TAN Qingpo;YANG Jinghui;LI Baohui;MENG Nan;GAO Feng;WANG Haixia;LI Yifeng;GENG Xichen(Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,Beijing 100142,China;95809 Unit Hospital of PLA,Cangzhou 061000,China;Unit 94565 of PLA,Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心,北京100142 [2]解放军95809部队医院,沧州061000 [3]解放军94565部队,蚌埠233000

出　　处：《载人航天》2024年第1期29-36,共8页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：军内科研重点项目(KJ20201A080312)。

摘　　要：针对持续高载荷防护、预防颈腰部损伤等问题,制定针对臀腿、腰腹、胸背、肩颈部肌群及呼吸肌力量与力量耐力训练方案及体能评估方案。16名志愿者训练12周,在训练前后分别进行肌肉力量与耐力及模拟空战能力的评估,记录分析G耐量、蹬力耐量、呼吸耐量以及各项力量测试指标的变化。结果表明:训练后各项力量指标均显著提高(P<0.001),深蹲、硬拉的力量均增长了1倍以上,颈部8个方向的力量增长了97.57%~245.05%,腰部8个方向的力量增长了125.69%~233.47%;模拟空战能力的各项指标均显著增长(P<0.001),左、右腿最大蹬力分别增长了59.99%、62.49%,蹬力曲线时间延长了5倍,训练后10名志愿者完成了8 G曲线、6名志愿者完成了9 G曲线,最大呼气与吸气压力分别增加了28.94%、32.37%(P<0.05),呼吸肌耐量增加了324.10%。研究结果表明了飞行员力量训练方案和评估方案的有效性及可行性。To deal with high G protection and prevention of neck and waist injuries,physical strength training and evaluation programme were developed,mainly targeting the strength and strength endurance of the buttocks and legs,waist and abdomen,chest and back,shoulder and neck,as well as respiratory muscles.16 participants underwent 12 weeks of training according to the programme,and assessment of physical strength and simulated aerial combat capability were conduc⁃ted before and after training respectively.Changes in G tolerance,legs force endurance,respiratory endurance,as well as every index concerning strength,frequency,and duration were recorded and analyzed.After training,all strength indices had significant improvement(P<0.001).The weight in squats and dead lift increased over 100%.Cervical strength increased in 8 directions ranging from 97.57%to 245.05%,and lumbodorsal strength increase ranged from 125.69%to 233.47%.All indices of simulated aerial combat capability were enhanced significantly(P<0.001).The maximal force of left and right leg increased by 59.99%and 62.49%,respectively.The duration of leg force profile extended more than five times.After training,10 subjects completed 8 G acceleration pro⁃file,while 6 subjects completed 9 G profile.The maximal expiratory and inspiratory pressures in⁃creased by 28.94%and 32.37%(P<0.05),respectively,and the respiratory muscle tolerance in⁃creased by 324.10%.The study demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of the physical strength training and evaluation programme.

关 键 词：飞行员 加速度 体能 抗荷动作 离心机 

分 类 号：R852[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]