质量监测指标在血站实验室ABO血型检测中的应用  

Application of quality monitoring index in ABO blood type test in blood station laboratories

作　　者：贾俊杰[1] 刘正敏[1] 王瑞[1] 胡京辉[1] 甄伟[1] JIA Junjie;LIU Zhengmin;WANG Rui;HU Jinghui;ZHEN Wei(Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心,北京100088

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2024年第4期503-506,共4页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

摘　　要：目的分析ABO血型检测相关质量监测指标情况及其变化趋势,探讨质量监测指标在血站实验室ABO血型检测过程中的作用。方法以该中心2012—2021年2733642例献血者标本为研究对象,分析2012—2021年ABO血型检测过程中相关质量监测指标,包括特殊血型检出率、标本血型与血液制剂血型不一致率、采血部门血型检测错误率、送检血型与确认结果符合率等,对数据进行整理和分析。结果2012—2021年2733642例献血者特殊血型检出率中位数为0.030%,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.019%~0.051%;χ^(2)=75.612,P<0.01)。标本血型与血液制剂血型不一致率为0.04■,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.00■~0.21■;χ^(2)=15.787,P<0.01),呈递减趋势(χ^(2)=11.178,P<0.01)。采血部门血型检测错误率为0.55?,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(0.24■~0.77■;χ^(2)=18.247,P<0.05),呈递减趋势(χ^(2)=8.143,P<0.01)。送检血型与确认结果符合率为78.24%,各年度比较,差异无统计学意义(70.94%~84.71%,χ^(2)=11.993,P>0.05),未见明显趋势变化(χ^(2)=0.879,P>0.05)。结论血站实验室应使用质量监测指标对ABO血型检测进行持续监控和过程评价,确保实验室检测能力的有效性、稳定性,为血型检测过程管理持续改进提供数据依据。Objective To analyze the quality monitoring indicators related to ABO blood type test and their change trend,to explore the role of the quality control index in the ABO blood type test process in the blood station laboratory.Methods A total of 2733642 blood donors in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center were selected as the research objects,the relevant quality monitoring indicators in the process of ABO blood type test from 2012 to 2021 including the detection rate of special blood type,the inconsistency rate of specimen blood type and blood preparation,the error rate of blood type test in blood collection departments,the compliance rate of submitted blood type and screening results were analyzed,and the data were sorted out and analyzed.Results The average detection rate(median)of special blood type was 0.030%,which was significant different for each year(0.019%—0.051%;χ^(2)=75.612,P<0.01).The inconsistency rate of specimen blood type and blood preparation was 0.04■,which was significant different for each year(0.00■—0.21■;χ^(2)=15.787,P<0.01).It shows a decreasing trend(χ^(2)=11.178,P<0.01).The average blood type detection error rate in blood collection departments was 0.55■,which was significant for each year(0.24■—0.77■;χ^(2)=18.247,P<0.05).It shows a trend of decreasing trend year by year(χ^(2)=8.143,P<0.01).The compliance rate of submitted blood type and screening results was 78.24%,there was no significant difference for each year(70.94%—84.71%,χ^(2)=11.993,P>0.05),the annual data of this index is stable,with no trend changes(χ^(2)=0.879,P>0.05).Conclusion Blood center should use the quality monitoring indicators to continuously monitor and process evaluate the ABO blood type test in blood stations,to ensure the effectiveness,stability and excellence of the laboratory testing capacity,and to provide the basis and basis for promoting the continuous improvement of the work related to blood type test.

关 键 词：血站实验室 质量监测指标 ABO血型 持续改进 特殊血型 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]