欧盟对外经济依赖与“开放性战略自主”  

EU's External Economic Dependency and Open Strategic Autonomy

作　　者：丁纯[1] 张铭鑫 Ding Chun;Zhang Mingxin(School of Economics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期166-181,共16页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项(项目批准号:20VGQ012)资助。

摘　　要：欧盟的战略自主始于防务、外交等议题,并逐渐扩展到经济、科技、贸易等多个领域,其核心是要解决欧盟“战略萎缩”和避免过度依赖。聚焦于投资与贸易视角,本文剖析了欧盟对外经济依赖现状,并梳理了近五年来欧盟在贸易、投资与科技领域的相关政策。本文研究发现:在欧盟对外依赖结构中,中国是欧盟密切合作的竞争对手,中欧双方在贸易领域存在广阔的合作空间,但是随着中国在全球价值链上的地位逐渐提高,中欧之间的竞争会加剧;美国与欧盟在投资和贸易方面的利益深度绑定,具有坚实的共同利益基础,但是近年来“美国优先”思想以及欧盟新兴技术产业的落后促使欧盟不得不从一种更具竞争性的视角重新审视美欧关系。基于对外依赖现状,在“开放性战略自主”的逻辑下,欧盟近年来致力于通过政策手段增强产业链韧性、抑制技术外溢以及促进新兴技术产业发展,但是未来仍需克服实力不足、政策惯性以及寻找利益共同点三个难题。The European Union's strategic autonomy began with defense and foreign affairs issues and gradually extended into various areas such as the economy,technology,and trade.Its core objective is to address the EU's'strategic shrinkage"and reduce dependence.This article focuses on the perspectives of investment and trade and analyzes the current status of the EU's external economic dependence.We found that in the structure of the EU's external dependence,China is both a close partner and a competitor.While there is significant cooperation potential in the trade sector between China and the EU,competition between the two is expected to intensify as China's position in the global value chain continues to rise.The United States and the EU have deep-seated shared interests in investment and trade,but recent"America First"policies,as well as the EU's lag in emerging technology sectors,have prompted the EU to reassess the transatlantic relationship from a more competitive perspective.Based on the current state of external dependence,within the framework of open strategic autonomy,the EU has been working to enhance industrial resilience,curb technology spillovers,and promote the development of emerging industries through policy measures in recent years.However,in the future,the EU will still need to overcome three challenges:insufficient capacity,policy inertia,and finding common interests.

关 键 词：投资依赖 贸易依赖 开放性战略自主 

分 类 号：F15[经济管理—世界经济]