产品质量差异对购买力平价的影响——来自中美比较的证据  

The Impact of Product Quality Differences on Purchasing Power Parity:Evidences from the Comparison between China and the United States of America

作　　者：王亚菲 张飞 Wang Yafei;Zhang Fei

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学统计学院 [2]山西财经大学统计学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2024年第1期18-32,共15页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国际统计标准测度问题挖掘与中国参与的方法论基础研究”(18ZDA123);国家自然科学基金项目“中美实际经济规模比较研究”(71873019)。

摘　　要：各国产品质量问题是国际比较项目(ICP)自1968年成立以来一直无法攻克的难题。本文从产品质量这一新视角出发,以中美两国为研究对象,采用支付意愿法量化两国产品之间被ICP忽略的质量差异,并使用Sato-Vartia指数法测算产品质量差异对中国购买力平价(PPP)以及实际国内生产总值(GDP)等结果的影响。研究发现,在ICP匹配到的两国30种产品之间存在较大的质量差异;经质量调整后的2011年和2017年中国30种产品整体PPP高于质量调整前的测算结果,两年的偏差结果分别为9.00%和9.02%;经30种产品质量调整后的2011年和2017年中国GDP层面PPP高于质量调整前的测算结果,两年的偏差结果分别为2.33%和2.42%。此外,由于ICP未能完全控制两国产品之间的质量差异,2011年和2017年中国实际GDP和人均实际GDP至少被高估了2.28%和2.36%。本文一方面对中国PPP进行质量调整,尝试解决我国PPP和实际经济规模测算偏差问题,有利于维护我国在国际事务中的话语权和经济利益;另一方面本文的研究对新兴市场和发展中国家可能存在被ICP低估的PPP问题,提供了切实可行的质量调整思路和方法,对改进全球ICP测算质量具有一定借鉴意义。The problem of product quality differences between countries is a difficult problem that the ICP has been unable to overcome since its establishment in 1968.From the perspective of product quality,this paper takes China and the United States of America as the research object,uses willingness to pay method to quantify the quality differences in 30 trade products and service products between the two countries,and uses the Sato-Vartia index to measure the impact of the quality differences on China’s PPP and real GDP.The main results are as follows.Firstly,there is a big difference in product quality between 30 products in the two countries matched by ICP.Secondly,the overall PPP of 30 products in China after product quality adjustment is higher than the calculated results before quality adjustment,with a deviation of 9.00%and 9.02%in 2011 and 2017 respectively.Thirdly,China’s GDP-level PPPs in 2011 and 2017 adjusted by the quality of 30 products are higher than the calculation results before the quality adjustment,with a deviation of 2.33%and 2.42%respectively.In addition,because ICP does not fully control the quality differences between products,China’s real GDP and per capita real GDP in 2011 and 2017 are overestimated by at least 2.28%and 2.36%.On the one hand,the research of this paper adjusts the quality of China’s PPP index,and tries to solve the problem of the deviation between the calculation of China’s PPP and the actual economic scale,which is conducive to maintaining China’s voice and economic interests in international affairs.On the other hand,developing countries and emerging countries may have the problem of PPP index underestimated by ICP,to which we provide a feasible method for quality adjustment with certain reference significance for improving the quality of global ICP measurement.

关 键 词：国际比较项目 中美比较 产品质量调整 支付意愿法 Sato-Vartia指数 

分 类 号：C812[社会学—统计学]