论数据要素市场的基础制度体系  

The System of Basic Legal Regimes for Data Market

作　　者：熊丙万[1,2] 何娟 XIONG Bingwan;HE Juan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第1期102-114,共13页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“公共数据开放利用与授权运营理论与制度设计”(72342010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为加快建设“高效、公平、安全”的数据要素市场,有必要在准确理解“数据二十条”作出的政策指引基础上,将其及时转化为具有可操作性的基础法律制度体系。数据产权制度建设应着眼于各组数据生产与流通关系,具体到特定关系中确定相关当事人之间的数据财产权归属,落实数据要素产权的结构性分置政策。数据流通服务生态系统建设的重点在于明确数据交易所、数据服务商和登记机构的功能定位、职能分工和运行机制。数据交易合同规则要考虑数据交易方式的多样性,重点解决交易标的之合法性、定价机制、让渡权属的确定规则和衍生数据的归属规则等问题。数据收益分配制度建设不仅需要更系统地明确信息来源主体的法定在先权益,还应构建明确的数据合理使用制度和强制缔约规则,并注重公共数据范围界定的合理性与开放利用机制的公平性。To speed up the construction of an"efficient,fair and secure"data market,it is necessary to accurately understand the policy guidelines laid down by the""Twenty Provisions on Data"and translate them into actionable basic legal regimes.The establishment of data property rights shall implement the principle of allocating rights in a structured regime,by attributing data property rights in accordance with various social relationships arising from data production and circulation.The construction of the ecosystem of data circulation shall primarily clarify the legal status,functional roles and operational mechanism of data exchanges,data service providers,and data registration ofices.Rules governing data trade contracts shall address problems like the legality of trading data,data pricing mechanism,scope of traded data property,and the attribution of property rights over derived data,taking into account diverse business models of data trades.Besides further clarifying the first-order statutory rights of information subjects,the legal regime promoting data fair utilization shall provide a clear system of data fair uses and mandatory data trades.Also,it is important to define the scope of public data reasonably and ensure the fairness of the open access mechanism therefor.

关 键 词：数据产权 数据流通交易 数据登记 数据交易合同 数据公平利用 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]