社会学视野下的职业伦理:概念源流与中国现实  

Professional Ethics in Sociology:The Origins of the Concept and the Reality in Contemporary China

作　　者：姚泽麟[1,2] YAO Zelin

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200062 [2]上海市“中国特色的转型社会学研究”社会科学创新研究基地,上海200062

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第1期127-140,共14页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“当代中国的医生职业伦理研究”(18BSH082)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代社会的运行需要恰当的精神基础,而职业也离不开职业伦理的支撑。目前职业伦理在社会学领域中处于相对被忽视的地位。依据社会学的经典理论,职业伦理的内涵应该同时从“意义一规范”的双重维度进行理解。而当代中国的职业伦理主要面临三个方面的严峻挑战:特殊主义伦理、自我主义价值观与职业工作意义感的缺失。这些挑战的存在导致职业人士很难在现实的职业生活中坚守和遵循其所宣称的职业伦理,从而造成职业伦理的困境。这些困境一方面说明职业工作缺乏终极意义的支撑,尤其反映出改革开放后,我国集体主义价值观的式微,尚无替代性的社会主流价值观填补其空缺;另一方面亦反映了职业伦理无法对执业行为形成有效约束,偏离和失范成为常态。这些困境的发生有其独特的社会文化土壤、组织情境和职业身份与角色,而对这些社会基础的理解必须以反思源自西方的职业伦理概念为前提,并注重考察本土社会文化与西方职业制度的互动和交融。The operation of modern society needs a proper spiritual foundation,and the professions also need the support of professional ethics.But at present,professional ethics is neglected relatively in sociology.Based on classical sociological theories,the connotation of professional ethics should be understood from the dual dimension of both meaning and norm.The professional ethics in contemporary China are faced with three severe challenges:the ethics of particularism,the values of egoism and the lack of the sense of significance of professional work.These challenges make it dificult for professionals to abide by their professional ethics in professional life,and ultimately,resulting in professionals'ethical dilemmas.On the one hand,these dilemmas show that professional work lacks the support of ultimate meanings,mainly resulting from the reality that after the Reform,the collectivist values have declined,but there are no alternative mainstream social values to fill the vacancy;on the other hand,it also reflects that professional ethics cannot constraint practicing behaviors effectively,and deviation and anomy become normal.The emergence and persistence of these dilemmas have its unique social and cultural environment,organizational context and professional identity and role.Hence,the precondition to understand these social bases is to rethink the concept of professional ethics and realize its embeddedness,and pay attention to the interaction and blend of local social culture and Western professional institution.

关 键 词：职业伦理 劳动伦理 工作伦理 意义感 伦理困境 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]