加油站及周边空气中VOCs物种构成与示踪特征  

Species composition and tracing characteristics of VOCs in the air of gas station and surrounding areas

作　　者：毕申雨 宋立来 尹思涵 舒秦 姚璐 朱静[2] 毕晓辉[1] 冯银厂[1] BI Shen-yu;SONG Li-lai;YIN Si-han;SHU Qin;YAO Lu;ZHU Jing;BI Xiao-hui;FENG Yin-chang(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;Huabei Institute,Sinopec Sales Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300350 [2]中国石化股份销售公司油品技术研究所,天津300384

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第2期620-628,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3700601)。

摘　　要：选择典型城市区域加油站,在汽柴油加油口及周边开展VOCs样品采集与物种构成分析,探究加油站排放VOCs的标识性物种,根据加油站周边区域VOCs物种浓度与比值在空间梯度上的变化评估关键物种的示踪作用与转化规律.结果表明:加注汽油排放VOCs主要组分为烷烃(70%~72%)、烯烃(13%~14%)和含氧有机物(11%~12%),主要物种为异戊烷(20%~24%),其它C4~C6类烷烃也是高占比物种;加注柴油排放VOCs中烷烃是主要成分,占VOCs总量的70%~72%,其次是烯烃和含氧有机物,分别贡献13%~14%和11%~12%,芳香烃占比为2%~3%,异戊烷(17%~21%)和正丁烷(15%~17%)含量较高,低碳C2~C4类烷烯烃和较重高碳C7~C12烷烃的比例高于汽油.加油站下风向受体区域受加油站排放影响明显,与单一物理扩散模型的结果对比,发现烯烃类物种在实际传输过程中已发生明显光化学反应,特征物种比值在距离加油站大于70m的区域外开始接近机动车尾气的比值范围并趋于稳定,超出此范围加油站排放贡献影响可能较小.In this study,VOCs samples were collected and species composition analysis was carried out in and around gasoline and diesel refueling outlets in a typical urban area to investigate the marker species of VOCs emitted from gas stations.The results showed that the main VOCs species emitted by gasoline are alkanes(70~72%),olefins(13~14%)and oxygenated organic matter(11~12%).The main species were isopentane(20~24%),and other C4~C6alkanes were also high-proportion species.Alkanes were the main components emitted by diesel fuel,accounting for 70~72%of the total VOCs,followed by olefins and oxygenated organic compounds,respectively contributing 13~14%and 11~12%.Aromatic hydrocarbons accounted for 2~3%.The contents of isopentane(17~21%)and n-butane(15~17%)were relatively high.The proportion of low-carbon C2~C4 alkanes and heavier high-carbon C7~C12 alkanes were higher than that of gasoline.In comparison with the results from the single physical dispersion model,we found that the olefins species had undergone significant photochemical reactions during transport.The ratios of the characteristic species started to approach the ratio range of motor vehicle exhaust outside the area>70m from the gas station,beyond which the contribution of gas station emissions might be small.

关 键 词：加油站 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 示踪特征 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]