基于径流事件的农业面源监测采样间隔分析  

Analysis of sampling interval for monitoring of agricultural non-point sources based on runoff events

作　　者：王超[1,2] 王剑 文立群[4] 秦赫 柳根 贾海燕 尹炜[1,2] WANG Chao;WANG Jian;WEN Li-qun;QIN He;LIU Gen;JIA Hai-yan;YIN Wei(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Regulation of Non-point Source Pollution in Lake and Reservoir Water Sources,Wuhan 430051,China;College of Resources&Environment of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Environment Pollution Monitoring,Changsha 410205,China;Water Sources Company of South-to-North Water Diversion,Danjiangkou 442700,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051 [2]长江水利委员会湖库水源地面源污染生态调控重点实验室,湖北武汉430051 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]水环境污染监测先进技术与装备国家工程研究中心,湖南长沙410205 [5]南水北调中线水源有限责任公司,湖北丹江口442700

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第2期1085-1093,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2040210);长江水利委员会科技创新基金资助项目(SWJ-CJX23Z07)。

摘　　要：选择丹江口库区的五龙池小流域为对象,以典型降雨径流事件的水质水量加密监测数据作为径流过程真实值,通过不同时间间隔和水量间隔模拟采样,分析污染负荷通量估算误差,并确定有效采样间隔.结果显示,五龙池小流域降雨径流事件具有明显的峰值特征(初始流量55m^(3)/h,峰值流量977.3m^(3)/h),TP浓度与径流高度同步(初始浓度为0.05mg/L,峰值浓度为0.25mg/L),TN随径流达到峰值后下降不明显(初始浓度为2mg/L,峰值浓度为8mg/L).模拟采样表明,时间间隔5,10,15,20,30,60,120,240,480,720min,采样点数量从1957个减少到14个;水量间隔16,32,64,128,256,384,576,800,1600,3200m^(3),采样点数量从2893个减少到14个;水量间隔采样对径流峰值的捕捉能力明显高于时间间隔采样.负荷估算误差显示,TP误差波动大于TN;以±5%作为允许的误差范围,降雨径流事件采样监测的有效时间间隔为120min,有效水量间隔为1600m^(3).The Wulongchi small watershed in Danjiangkou Reservoir area was selected as the object,and the real value of runoff process was taken from the High-frequency monitoring data of typical rainfall runoff events.The error of pollution load flux estimation was analyzed by simulating sampling at different time intervals and water intervals,and the effective sampling interval was determined.The results showed that the rainfall runoff event in Wulongchi Basin had obvious peak characteristics(initial discharge 55m^(3)/h,peak discharge 977.3m^(3)/h),the total phosphorus concentration was highly synchronized with the runoff(initial concentration 0.05mg/L,peak concentration 0.25mg/L),and the total nitrogen did not decrease significantly after reaching the peak with the runoff(initial concentration 2mg/L,peak concentration 8mg/L).In the simulated sampling with interval 5,10,15,20,30,60,120,240,480,720min,the number of sampling points reduced from 1957 to 14.In the simulated sampling with interval 16,32,64,128,256,384,576,800,1600,3200m^(3),the number of sampling points reduced from 2893 to 14.The ability of water interval sampling to capture peak runoff is obviously higher than that of time interval sampling.Load estimation error showed that the fluctuation of total phosphorus error is greater than that of total nitrogen error.Taking±5%as the allowable error range,the effective time interval of rainfall runoff event sampling was 120min,and the effective water interval was 1600m^(3).

关 键 词：降雨径流事件 小流域 农业面源 自动监测 采样间隔 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]