双重犯罪化背景下从旧兼从轻原则的适用  

Application of the Doctrine of Observing Old Laws and New Ones with Lighter Punishment in the Context of Double Criminality

作　　者：刘静 Liu Jing

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《学海》2024年第1期150-160,216,共12页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目“大数据司法鉴定体系建构的中国路径”(项目号:2023M731897)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：司法解释与刑法修正案的先后双重犯罪化是我国刑法立法活性化过程中的本土特色现象,这种双重犯罪化的现象在近年来的修法中尤为突出。当相关犯罪行为发生在司法解释施行之后、刑法修正案生效之前,审判时刑法修正案已经生效的情况下,如何适用从旧兼从轻原则,就成为一个亟待探究的问题。从旧兼从轻原则中的“新法”和“旧法”均指刑法规范的整体而非个别法条,司法解释应当属于“新法”和“旧法”的内容,刑法修正案生效之后,先行犯罪化的司法解释并不自动失效。解释论上,被先后犯罪化的行为可能同时适用司法解释和刑法修正案;立法论上,应当强化立法机关在犯罪化过程中的主导地位,提升修法频率,优化立法模式。The phenomenon of successive criminality stemming from judicial interpretation and amendments to the Criminal Law exhibits distinct local characteristics within the framework of China’s evolving criminal legislation.This phenomenon of double criminality has become especially prominent in recent years during the process of amending laws.When a related crime is committed after the implementation of a judicial interpretation but before the amendment to Criminal Law takes effect,and when the Amendment to Criminal Law becomes effective during a trial,the question arises of how to apply the doctrine of observing old and new laws while imposing lighter punishment.The“new laws”and“old laws”in the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones with lighter punishment refer to the overall criminal norms rather than individual articles of law.Judicial interpretations naturally fall under the content of both“new laws”and“old laws”.After the amendment to Criminal Law takes effect,the judicial interpretation of prior criminality will not automatically become invalid.In terms of interpretative theory,judicial interpretation and amendment to Criminal Law can simultaneously apply to behaviors that have been successively criminalized.In terms of legislative doctrine,we should emphasize the pivotal role of the legislative bodies in the process of criminality,increase the frequency of law amendments,and optimize the legislation model.

关 键 词：司法解释 刑法修正案 犯罪化 从旧兼从轻 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]