基于主成分分析的二元杂交鸽生长性能和繁殖性能评价  

Growth performance and reproductive performance evaluation of binary cross pigeons based on principal component analysis

作　　者：穆春宇[1] 汤青萍[1] 丁路 张蕊[1] 卜柱[1] 常玲玲[1] 付胜勇[1] 沈欣悦[1] 夏爱萍 杨明军 杨晓明 MU Chunyu;TANG Qingping;DING Lu;ZHANG Rui;BU Zhu;CHANG Lingling;FU Shengyong;SHEN Xinyue;XIA Aiping;YANG Mingjun;YANG Xiaoming(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science,Yangzhou 225125,China;Jinling Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211169,China;Henan Tiancheng Pigeon Industry Co.,Ltd.,Pingdingshan 214400,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所,江苏扬州225125 [2]南京金陵科技学院,南京211169 [3]河南天成鸽业有限公司,河南平顶山214400

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第3期111-117,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110200);江阴市科技创新专项(JY0603A011013220003PB);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS〔2022〕408)。

摘　　要：为评价石歧鸽、白卡奴鸽、欧洲肉鸽三个品种鸽不同二元杂交组合的生长性能和繁殖性能,寻求最佳二元杂交组合,试验设置XL组合[石歧鸽(X)■×欧洲肉鸽(L)♀]、XY组合[石歧鸽(X)■×白卡奴鸽(Y)♀]、LY组合[欧洲肉鸽(L)■×白卡奴鸽(Y)♀]和LX组合[欧洲肉鸽(L)■×石歧鸽(X)♀],每个组合170对,进行为期1年的生长性能和繁殖性能统计,比较产蛋间隔、产蛋窝次、年产蛋数、无精蛋数、死胚数、出雏数、出栏乳鸽数、死雏数、受精率、出雏率、成活率、公鸽重、母鸽重、28日龄乳鸽体重等指标,运用主成分分析方法进行杂交组合的综合评价和优良组合的筛选。结果表明:XY组合的产蛋间隔最短(25.50 d),极显著低于LY组合(31.28 d)和LX组合(30.67 d,P<0.01);XY组合的年产蛋数最多(22.69个),极显著高于LY组合(21.28个,P<0.01);LY组合受精率最高为88.96%,极显著高于XY组合(83.51%,P<0.01),显著高于XL组合(84.57%,P<0.05);XY组合出栏乳鸽数最多,为13.57只。产蛋窝次、产蛋数、无精蛋数和死胚数与产蛋间隔之间呈强负相关,产蛋数、无精蛋数、死胚数与产蛋窝次之间呈强正相关,乳鸽重与公鸽重和母鸽重之间呈强正相关,XL组合的公母鸽体重均较重,因此该组合的乳鸽体重最重(547.65 g)。LX组合死淘率低,出栏数相对较多,且28日龄乳鸽体重较重。从繁殖性能中提取了三个主成分,分别为产蛋因子、乳鸽数因子、乳鸽体重因子,LX组合产蛋因子得分较高,LX组合乳鸽数因子较高。说明LX组合适合于肉鸽生产;XY组合产蛋量高,适合于蛋用鸽生产。To evaluate the growth performance and reproductive performances of different binary hybrid combinations among three breeds of pigeons,namely the Shiqi pigeon,the white Carnean pigeon and the European pigeon,and to find the optimal binary hybrid.Four combinations of Shiqi pigeon(X)■ × European pigeon(L)♀(XL group),Shiqi pigeon(X)■ × white Carnean pigeon(Y)♀(XY group),European pigeon(L)■ × white Carnean pigeon(Y)♀(LY group) and European pigeon(L)■ × Shiqi pigeon(X)♀(LX group) were chosen with 170 pairs each for a one-year growth performance and reproductive performance measurement.The indexes of laying interval,number of cluthes laid,number of laying eggs per year,number of unfertilised eggs,number of dead embryos,number of fledgings,number of slaughter pigeons,number of dead pigeons,fertility rate,hatchabilty rate,survival rate,male weight,female weight and body weight at 28 d of four cross combinations were compared.The method of principal component analysis was used to evaluate the hybrid combination comprehensively and to select the excellent combination.The results showed that the laying interval of XY combination was the shortest(25.50 d),and extremely significantly lower than that of LY combination(31.28 d) and LX combination(30.67 d,P<0.01).The number of eggs per year in XY group was the highest(22.69),which was extremely significantly higher than that in LY group(21.28,P<0.01).The fertilization rate of LY group was 88.96%,which was extremely significantly higher than that of XY group(83.51%,P<0.01),and significantly higher than that of XL group(84.57%,P<0.05).The maximum number of young pigeons in XY combination was 13.57.The number of laying nests,the number of laying eggs,the number of unspersed eggs and the number of dead embryos were strongly negatively correlated with the laying interval;the number of laying eggs,the number of unspersed eggs and the number of dead embryos were strongly positively correlated with the number of laying nests,and the weight of squab was strongly posit

关 键 词：鸽 杂交 生长性能 主成分分析 产蛋数 

分 类 号：S836[农业科学—畜牧学] S813.2[农业科学—畜牧兽医]