语音的美学:刘勰的声律论  

Phonetic Aesthetics:Liu Xie’s Theory on the Law of Sound in Literary Writings

作　　者：张健 Zhang Jian(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,University of Macao,Macao,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学中文系,中国澳门

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期96-108,共13页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：《文心雕龙·声律》篇论述语音美的原理及法则问题,可称之语音的美学。刘勰论述语音美学的观念及架构是传统的音律理论。刘勰认为一切声音现象具有共同的规律,基于此一观念,乐声与语音作为声音现象就有共同的原理,语音的美感与音乐的美感具有共同的原理,因而可以有共同的理论基础。由于中国乐论早已确立,故刘勰基于声音普遍原理的观念,以音乐的原理论述语音的原理,以音乐美学建立语音的美学,并将语音美学作为其整体文章美学的一个层次。语音美涉及语音的构成元素及其组合方式,刘勰基于“和”与“应”的音乐美学观念提出了语音元素的组合法则。刘勰视作品为带音乐美的有声文本,传载作者表情达意的吟咏讽诵之声,知音的读者能够通过文本理解并重建作者的声音,在吟咏讽诵中赏音知心。在刘勰的理论体系中,“声文”是“文”的一个基本类别,在文章中,声音是文章的基本构成元素,也是文章美的基本特征之一。The chapter Law of Sound(《声律》)in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons(《文心雕龙)by Liu Xie(刘勰)discusses the principles and rules of phonetic beauty in literary writings,which can be called phonetic aesthetics.In Liu Xie's discussions,the concept and framework of phonetic aesthetics are based on the traditional theory concerning the law of music(音律).Liu Xie believes that all sound phenomena have common characteristics and laws.Based on this idea,musical sound and speech sound,as sound phenomena,have common principles.And the beauty of speech sound and the beauty of music also have common principles,so they can share the same theoretical basis.Since the theory of music had long been established in China,Liu Xie based himself on the universal principle of sound,used the principle of music to discuss the principle of speech sound,established the aesthetics of speech sound with musical aesthetics,and took the aesthetics of speech sound as a level of his aesthetics of overall writings.As phonetic beauty involved the constituent elements of speech sound and their combination methods,Liu Xie put forward the combination rules of phonetic elements on the basis of such musical aesthetic concepts as“harmony”(和)and“resonance”(应).Liu Xie regarded a piece of writing as an audible text with musical beauty,conveying the author's emotions and intentions through reading aloud and recitation.A competent reader can understand and reconstruct the author's sound through the text,and appreciate the music it conveys in the course of reading aloud and recitation.In Liu's theoretical system,the“audible literary writing”(声文)is a basic category of“literary writing”(文).In a piece of literary writing,sound is its basic constituent element,and it is also one of the basic characteristics of the writing's beauty.

关 键 词：刘勰 声律 音律 语音 美学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]