国家安全视域下美国出口管制法嬗变及中国应对——以WTO中美出口管制案为例  

The Evolution of US Export Control Law and China's Countermeasures from the Perspective of National Security

作　　者：郑玲丽[1,2] ZHENG Lingli

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院 [2]中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2023年第6期137-155,共19页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“CPTPP环境争端解决机制研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在泛国家安全观指导下,美国频繁以国家安全为由利用出口管制法律及政策对中国相关实体进行经济制裁。2022年,中国针对美国对华芯片等出口管制措施在WTO提起诉讼,成为WTO项下中美出口管制第一案。基于国家安全的美国出口管制法的出台及滥用不仅扰乱多边出口管制法律体系,而且加剧了中美两国安全风险,更使得国际经济法陷入“安全困境”。追根溯源,美国出口管制法中的国家安全实质上是一种国家安全保护主义,而非WTO项下的国家安全概念。WTO对涉国家安全的贸易争端享有管辖权,美国对华出口管制与WTO国家安全例外条款不符。我国应在总体国家安全观指导下有效应对非传统安全的单边主义威胁和挑战,捍卫国家利益和企业合法权益,探索中国式法治现代化的路径。Under the guidance of the pan-national security concept, the United States frequently uses export control laws and policies to impose economic sanctions on relevant Chinese entities on the grounds of national security. China has filed a WTO case against the United States over its export controls on chips and other products. The national security-based US export control law and its abuse not only disrupt the multilateral export control legal system, but also exacerbate the security risks of China and the United States. The international economic law is in a “security dilemma”. The national security in the US export control law is essentially a kind of national security protectionism, which is different from the concept of national security under the WTO. The WTO has jurisdiction over trade disputes involving national security, and US export controls on China are inconsistent with the WTO's national security exception clause. Under the guidance of the overall national security concept, China should gradually improve countermeasures at the level of domestic law, reach an Understanding and Memorandum on Export Control with the United States, and actively strive to resolve export control disputes under the WTO.

关 键 词：国家安全 出口管制 WTO中美出口管制案 GATT第21条 基本安全利益 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] D971.2[政治法律—国际法学]