不同密肥组合对晶两优华占生长发育与产量形成的影响  

Effects of Different Density-fertilization Combinations on Growth and Yield Formation of Jingliangyou Huazhan

作　　者：靳辉勇 昌洪涛 齐绍武 JIN Huiyong;CHANG Hongtao;QI Shaowu(Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Center of Suyu District in Suqian City,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China;Hanshou County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hanshou,Hunan 415900,China;Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]宿迁市宿豫区农业技术综合服务中心,江苏宿迁223800 [2]汉寿县农业农村局,湖南汉寿415900 [3]湖南省农业科学院,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2024年第1期112-118,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：湖南省科技重大专项(2018NK1010)。

摘　　要：为探究杂交水稻机械化单本密植方式下高产密肥组合,以籼型两系杂交稻晶两优华占为供试材料,就密度和肥料设置了6个处理,系统比较了不同处理间产量及其构成、不同生育时期的叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累量和倒数第一完全叶SPAD值。结果表明,高密低肥处理(HDLF)产量为8.31 t/hm^(2),显著高于其他5个处理;从产量构成因素看,HDLF以足量大穗构建较高的群体颖花量(有效穗数316.86万/hm^(2)、每穗总粒数157.98粒),并保持良好的结实性状(结实率80.95%、千粒重23.1g),最终获得高产;从LAI来看,HDLF在生育前期较为适中,齐穗期较高,齐穗后缓慢下降,齐穗后15 d显著大于其他5个处理;从地上部干物质积累量来看,HDLF在生育前、中期均较为适宜,成熟期显著高于其他5个处理。经方差分析,密度、密肥互作极显著影响产量,密度极显著影响有效穗数和每穗总粒数,肥料极显著影响结实率;经偏最小二乘路径模型分析,肥料、密度、LAI和干物质量对产量均有正向直接效应,SPAD值则表现为负向直接效应。综上,在本试验单本机插条件下,密度为24万穴/hm^(2)与纯氮用量为150 kg/hm^(2)的组合能够使晶两优华占获得8.25 t/hm^(2)以上的产量。To explore the combination of density and fertilization for high yield under the mechanized single-plant dense planting method of hybrid rice,the two-line indica hybrid rice Jingliangyou Huazhan was used as the test material,and six treatments were set up in terms of density and fertilization.The yield and its components,leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation and upmost leaf SPAD value were systematically compared among different treatments.The results showed that the yield of high-density and low-fertilization treatment(HDLF)was 8.31 t/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than that of the other five treatments.From the perspective of yield components,HDLF built high population spikelets(3168.6 thousand effective panicles per hectare,157.98 spikelets per panicle)with sufficient large panicles,and maintained good seed-setting characteristics(80.95%seed-setting rate,23.1 g 1000-grain weight),and finally achieved high yield.From the perspective of LAI,HDLF was moderate in the early growth stage,higher in the full heading stage,decreased slowly after the full heading stage,and was significantly higher than the other five treatments at 15 days after the full heading stage.From the perspective of the aboveground dry matter accumulation,HDLF was moderate in the early and middle growth stages and was significantly higher than the other five treatments at maturity stage.According to variance analysis,density and the density-fertilization interaction had a significant effect on yield,density had a significant effect on the effective panicle number and the total number of spikelets per panicle,and fertilization had a significant effect on seed-setting rate.According to the partial least square path model analysis,fertilization,density,LAI and dry matter weight all had positive direct effects on yield,while SPAD showed negative direct effects.In conclusion,under the condition of the mechanized single-plant planting in this experiment,the combination of the density of 240000 hills/hm^(2) and the pure nitrogen dosage of

关 键 词：杂交水稻 密肥组合 产量 偏最小二乘路径模型 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318