短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的挑战与对策  

Challenges and Countermeasures of Partial Nitrification-Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process

作　　者：任书博 张宁[1] 张瑞昌 周鸣[1] 赵远 魏学锋[1] Ren Shubo;Zhang Ning;Zhang Ruichang;Zhou Ming;ZZhao Yuan;Wei Xuefeng(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,471000)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学化学化工学院,洛阳471000

出　　处：《化学通报》2024年第2期209-217,225,共10页Chemistry

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金项目(232300420134);河南省引智项目(HNGD2022058)资助。

摘　　要：短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)工艺与传统生物脱氮工艺相比,具有能耗低、设备简单、污泥产率低等诸多优点,在污水脱氮领域备受关注。本文首先总结了PN/A工艺在实际应用中存在的一些挑战,如处理高C/N废水效果不佳、亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)抑制困难、启动缓慢等,针对上述挑战提出了一些PN/A工艺的改进措施。可使用多种预处理技术来降低废水有机物含量,以减弱高C/N比废水的负面影响;根据NOB、厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)之间生长条件的差异,通过调控温度、pH、溶解氧等环境条件或添加抑制剂来抑制NOB的生长。接着,总结了PN/A工艺快速启动的方法,即通过添加化学物质、物理场、外加AnAOB种泥并给予AnAOB最佳生长条件等方法,实现PN/A工艺的快速启动。最后,展望了该工艺未来有待深入研究的方向。The partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation(PN/A)process has many advantages over traditional biological nitrogen removal processes,such as low energy consumption,simple equipment,and low sludge yield,and is therefore of great interest in the field of wastewater nitrogen removal.Firstly,some challenges in the practical application of PN/A process,such as poor treatment effect of high C/N wastewater,difficulty in inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB),and slow start-up of the PN/A process,etc.are summarized in this paper.Then,in response to the above challenges,some improvement measures for PN/A process have been proposed.Multiple pre-treatment techniques can be used to reduce the organic content of wastewater,in order to mitigate the negative impact of high C/N ratio wastewater.According to the differences in growth conditions among NOB,anammox(AnAOB),and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),the growth of NOB bacteria can be inhibited by regulating environmental conditions such as temperature,pH,and dissolved oxygen,or by adding inhibitors.Next,the methods for rapid start-up of the PN/A process were summarized,including adding chemical substances,applying physical fields,adding AnAOB seed mud,and providing optimal growth conditions for AnAOB.Finally,the future directions of the pending in-depth research of PN/A technology are prospected.

关 键 词：短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化 高碳氮比 厌氧氨氧化菌 亚硝酸盐氧化菌抑制 快速启动 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]