3786例住院死亡患者的流行病学特征  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Death in 3786 Hospitalized Patients

作　　者：李娜[1] 孙炳 慧宋健 Li Na;Sun Binghui;Song Jian(The Second Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital),Hulunbuir City 022150,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学第二临床医学院(内蒙古林业总医院),内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市022150

出　　处：《中国病案》2024年第1期47-50,共4页Chinese Medical Record

摘　　要：目的对某院住院患者死亡原因进行分析,为合理优化配置医疗资源,健康防控卫生政策制定提供科学参考依据。方法利用描述性流行病学的方法,收集2016年1月1日-2021年12月31日某院住院患者死亡数据,按死亡患者性别、年龄、职业分类整理,采用χ^(2)检验进行统计分析。结果3786例住院死亡患者,各年度男性死亡例数均高于女性(χ^(2)=17.509,P=0.004);70岁组死亡例数最多,各年龄组性别死亡分布总体上存在差异(χ^(2)=116.918,P<0.001);职业分布以离退休人员、无业人员、其他人员、工人居多(χ^(2)=91.770,P<0.001);死因位于前3位的分别是恶性肿瘤、心脏疾病、脑血管疾病,不同年份死因分布存在统计学差异;将前3年与后3年的前3种疾病死因进行预测,恶性肿瘤病死率呈下降趋势,心脏疾病呈上升趋势,脑血管疾病变化趋势无统计学差异。结论研究显示导致死亡的疾病由恶性肿瘤向心脏疾病转变,医院应根据死亡患者的性别、年龄、职业特征、死因构成及预测,采取有效措施防治疾病。Objectives This study aims to analyze the causes of death of inpatients in a hospital,so as to provide a scientific reference basis for rationally optimizing the allocation of medical resources and formulating health prevention and control policies.Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was used to analyze the inpatient mortality data from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021.The deceased patients were classified according to their gender,age,and occupation,and statistical analysis was performed using theχ^(2)test.Results There were 3786inpatient deaths.The number of male deaths each year was higher than that of females(χ^(2)=17.509,P=0.004).The 70-year-old group had the highest number of deaths.There were overall differences in gender death distribution among each age group(χ^(2)=116.918,P<0.001).Occupational distribution was dominated by retirees,unemployed people,other personnel,and workers(χ^(2)=91.770,P<0.001).The top three causes of death were malignant tumors,heart disease,and cerebrovascular disease.There were statistical differences in the distribution of causes of death in different years.When predicting the first three causes of death from diseases in the first three years and the next three years,the mortality rate of malignant tumors showed a downward trend,heart disease showed an upward trend,and there was no statistical difference in the trend of cerebrovascular diseases.Conclusions The study shows that the cause of death shifts from malignant tumors to heart disease.Hospitals should take effective measures to prevent and treat diseases based on gender,age,occupational characteristics,cause of death,and prediction of deceased patients.

关 键 词：住院患者 死因监测 人群健康 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]