血缘关系与原始公有制的内部矛盾:一种基于历史唯物主义的阐释  

The Consanguinity and the Internal Contradictions of Primitive Public Ownership:A Historical Materialism Interpretation

作　　者：陈广思[1] CHEN Guangsi(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期118-128,共11页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“历史唯物主义视域中所有制的历史建构和当代建构”(21ZXC005)。

摘　　要：原始公有制既建立在血缘关系的基础上,但又“排斥”血缘关系;既内在地否定个人所有制,但在现实中又能够与个人所有制同时并存;既赋予人以自由平等,但又使人处于普遍的等级和支配关系中。从历史唯物主义的角度来看,原始公有制这三大矛盾都根源于它的主要形成因素:血缘关系。作为原始公有制的形成基础,血缘关系本身是狭隘的,它必须以生产资料的规模为条件来决定自身对共同体内部人口的容纳程度;它否定个体人格的独立性,无法“压制”自然因素对原始所有制形成的影响;它同时包含自由和支配因素,使自由的实现产生“外部效应”。因此,在原始时期的生产力条件下,由血缘关系主导形成的原始公有制包含着结构性的内部矛盾。从历史唯物主义的角度解释这些矛盾,能够为我们理解血缘关系对人类社会所有制形成的作用、完善历史唯物主义基本原理提供重要的启示。Primitive public ownership is based on consanguinity,and rejects it at the same time.It inherently negates but coexists with individual ownership in the reality.It endows people with freedom and equality while putting them in a universal hierarchical and dominant relationship.From the perspective of historical materialism,the three major contradictions of primitive public ownership are rooted in its main forming factor:consanguinity.As the forming foundation of primitive public ownership,the consanguinity itself is narrow with the result that it is obliged to determine its own tolerance for the population within the community based on the scale of the means of production,that it negates the independence of individual personality and cannot“suppress”natural factors'influence on the formation of primitive ownership,and that it contains both freedom and domination factors which impel freedom to produce the“external effect”.Therefore,under the productive forces in the primitive period,the primitive public ownership dominated by consanguinity contains structural internal contradictions.Explaining these contradictions from the perspective of historical materialism can both improve the basic principles of historical materialism and provide important enlightenment for us to understand the role of consanguinity in forming the ownership in human society.

关 键 词：原始公有制 血缘关系 个人所有制 自由 支配 

分 类 号：B032[哲学宗教—哲学理论]