出厂水中耐氯细菌的筛选及其消毒剂耐受性研究  

Isolation and inactivation of chlorine resistant bacteria in water treatment plants

作　　者：沈朕 于容梅 冷冰琦 姚琳 杨波 SHEN Zhen;YU Rongmei;LENG Bingi;YAO Lin;YANG Bo(Qingdao water Group Hairun Water Supply Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266073,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Water Quality Protection and Water Resources Utilization,Qingdao 266034,China;National Urban Water Supply Quality Monitoring Network Qingdao Monitoring Center,Qingdao 266034,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛水务海润自来水集团有限公司,青岛266073 [2]青岛市水质保障与水资源开发利用重点实验室,青岛266034 [3]国家城市供水水质监测网青岛监测站,青岛266034

出　　处：《给水排水》2024年第1期32-36,共5页Water & Wastewater Engineering

摘　　要：对北方某市3个水厂出厂水中筛选出的4株耐氯细菌进行2种常见消毒剂的耐受性测试。结果表明,在耐氯菌的去除效率上,次氯酸钠消毒剂消毒效率比氯胺消毒剂高,能在30min左右达到消毒效果,而氯胺则是需要更长的时间来达到预期消毒效果。对于4株长时间经受0.7mg/L次氯酸钠的环境下筛选出的耐氯细菌,氯胺的消毒效果略好于次氯酸钠。4株细菌中,1号鞘脂单胞菌与4号芽孢杆菌对两种消毒剂均有较强的耐受性,1号鞘脂单胞菌在两种不同浓度消毒剂作用下去除率均无法达到2个数量级(99%),4号芽孢杆菌则是仅对高浓度氯胺较为敏感,3.0mg/L的氯胺去除率最高可达1.9个数量级,次氯酸钠消毒剂对其几乎没有影响;2号芽孢杆菌与3号假单胞菌对两种消毒剂耐受性相对较差,其中2号细菌在2种高浓度消毒剂作用下基本可以全部去除,3号细菌在高浓度氯胺下则最高能达到3.6个数量级的去除率。建议水厂根据实际运行情况,采用间歇性提高浓度次氯酸钠浓度或更换氯胺消毒剂,防止耐氯细菌的富集与繁殖。The tolerance experiment of two disinfectants was tested by isolating four strains of chlorine-resistant bacteria from the treated water of three water treatment plants in a northern city.The results showed that,in terms of the removal rate of chlorine-resistant bacteria,sodium hypo-chlorite was more efficient than chloramine disinfection.Sodium hypochlorite can achieved disinfec-tion effect in about 30 min,while chloramines need longer time.The disinfection effect of chlora-mine was slightly better than the result of sodium hypochlorite for 4 strains of chlorine-resistant bacteria which selected under the water environment of 0.7 mg/L sodium hypochlorite for a long time.No.1 Sphingomonas sp.and No.4 Bacillus toyonensis had strong tolerance to both disinfectants.The removal rate of No.1 Sphingomonas sp.Under the influence of all experimental concentrations of two different disinfectants could not inactive 2 lg(99%).Chloramine could inactive 1.9 lg of No4.Bacillus toyonensis,sodium hypochlorite had almost no effect on it.No.2 Bacillus licheniformis and No.3 Pseudomonas mendocina were less resistant to the both disinfectants.No.2 Bacillus licheniformis could be basically removed under the influence of high experimental concentrations.No.3 Pseudomonas mendocina could be inactivated 3.6 lg by high concentration of chloramine.It was recommended that the water treatment plants should intermittent increased the concentration of sodium hypochlorite or switch to chloramine disinfectant to prevent the enrichment and reproduction of chlorine-resistant bacteria.

关 键 词：水厂 耐氯细菌 鞘脂单胞菌 假单胞菌 芽孢杆菌 消毒剂耐受性 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]