基于可达性评价的养老服务设施空间分布及其影响因素分析——以无锡市为例  

Spatial Distribution and Factors Influencing Elderly Care Service Facilities based on Accessibility Evaluation—Taking Wuxi City as an Example

作　　者：赵丽[1] 何调霞[1] 赵健[2] ZHAO Li;HE Diaoxia;ZHAO Jian(Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214153,China;Educational Technology School,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡商业职业技术学院,江苏无锡214153 [2]西北师范大学教育技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2024年第1期130-139,共10页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Research Project on Philosophy and Social Sciences in Jiangsu Universities and Colleges (2020SJA0933);The 2022 Tourism Vocational Education Research Project of Jiangsu Tourism Vocational Education Group (HT2023025);The 2022 “Double High Construction” Special Project of Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce (SGZXGJ20220109)。

摘　　要：随着中国人口老龄化程度的不断加深,养老服务设施供给与需求的矛盾日益凸显。本文以无锡市为研究区,使用地理统计、缓冲区分析、高斯两步移动搜索等方法评价无锡市养老服务设施的可达性特征,分析无锡市养老服务设施的空间分布和供需状况,引入XGBoost算法计算不同类型养老服务的分布影响因素。研究发现,无锡市的居家和机构养老资源分布都具有空间异质性,存在供需不匹配、区域发展不协调的问题,不同地区养老服务可达性差异巨大。社区居家养老服务站的分布相对更加公平,但仍然与老年人口数量不匹配。影响养老机构和社区居家养老服务站分布的因素存在明显差异。养老机构分布受到交通基础设施、老年人口数量、医疗资源数量、环境、经济水平等多种因素的影响,而社区居家养老主要受老年人口数量的影响。为了更好地满足居民的养老服务需求,无锡市需要加大养老服务设施的投入,并采取多种措施促进养老服务设施的发展和提升。With the progressive aging of China’s population,the contradiction between the supply and demand of elderly care service facilities is increasingly prominent.This study takes Wuxi City as the research area,and evaluates the accessibility characteristics of the elderly service facilities in Wuxi City by using geographic statistics,buffer analysis,Gaussian two-step mobile search and other methods.It then analyzes the spatial distribution and supply and demand of the elderly service facilities in Wuxi City,and introduces the XGBoost algorithm to calculate the factors influencing the distributions of different types of elderly services.The results show that the distribution of home-based and institutional endowment resources in Wuxi is spatially heterogeneous,but there are problems of mismatch between supply and demand and uncoordinated regional development.The accessibility of endowment services varies greatly in different regions,and the number of hierarchical endowment institutions is relatively small.The distribution of community home care service stations is relatively more equitable,but still does not match the size of the elderly population.There are obvious differences in the factors affecting the distributions of nursing institutions and community home nursing service stations.The distribution of nursing institutions is affected by transportation infrastructure,the size of the elderly population,the number of medical resources,the environment,economic level and other factors;while community home care is mainly affected by the size of the elderly population.In order to better meet the elderly service needs of residents,Wuxi needs to increase its investment in elderly service facilities and take various measures to promote the development and improvement of its elderly service facilities.

关 键 词：可达性评价 高斯两步移动搜索法 XGBoost 无锡市 养老服务 

分 类 号：TU246.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]