低抖动大气压空气电晕均压多间隙气体火花开关  

Multi⁃gap Gas Spark Switch with Low Jitter Atmospheric Pressure Air Corona Equalization

作　　者：黄超[1] 闫文博 易爱平[1] 李高鹏[1] 陈正阁 汪由胜 柴童星 HUANG Chao;YAN Wenbo;YI Aiping;LI Gaopeng;CHEN Zhengge;WANG Yousheng;CHAI Tongxing(State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter,Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi’an 710024,China)

机构地区：[1]西北核技术研究所激光与物质相互作用国家重点实验室,西安710024

出　　处：《高压电器》2024年第2期178-183,共6页High Voltage Apparatus

基　　金：激光与物质相互作用国家重点实验基金资助项目(SKLLIM1811,SKLLIM1901Z)。

摘　　要：为了发展结构简单、便于维护的大功率气体火花开关,研制了大气压空气电晕均压多间隙气体火花开关,该开关采用电晕放电均压方式,由9个相同的间隙构成。利用有限元分析方法对9间隙电晕均压气体火花开关的电场进行了分析,发现适合长度的电晕针对开关主间隙的电场影响很小,且加载触发脉冲时可在中间间隙形成了强烈的畸变电场。在理论分析的基础上,开展了开关击穿特性研究,实验结果表明电晕均压有利于提升开关的稳定性,开关自击穿电压分散性降低,自击穿电压略微增大;同时多间隙开关实现了良好的触发导通,在工作电压60~85 kV(工作欠压比56.8%~80%)范围内,开关的击穿延时抖动均小于20 ns,当工作电压达到80 kV以上时,抖动可小于10 ns。文中设计的大气压空气电晕均压多间隙气体火花开关可用于直线脉冲变压器等脉冲功率系统,使用的基于电场模拟对电极结构进行优化的方法对设计其他类型的开关具有借鉴意义。For developing high⁃power gas spark switch with simple structure and convenient maintenance,a multi⁃gap gas spark switch with atmospheric pressure air corona equalization is developed.The switch adopts corona dis⁃charge equalization mode and consists of nine identical gaps.The electric field of the nine⁃gaps gas spark switch with corona equalization is analyzed by finite element method.It is found that the suitable length corona needle has little influence on the electric field of the main gap of the switch,and,in case of loading trigger pulse,the strong distortion electric filed can be formed in the middle gap.On the basis of theoretical analysis,the study of breakdown characteris⁃tic of the multi⁃gap gas spark switch is developed.The experimental results show that corona equalization is benefi⁃cial to improve stability of the switch.The self breakdown voltage dispersion of the switch is reduced and the self breakdown voltage is slightly increased.At the same time,a good triggering characteristic of the multi⁃gap switch is obtained.In the range of working voltage 60~85 kV(the working under⁃voltage ratio is 56.8%~80%),the break⁃down delay jitter of the switch is less than 20 ns.When the working voltage reaches more than 80 kV,the jitter can be less than 10 ns.The multi⁃gap gas spark switch with atmospheric air pressure corona equalization can be used in such pulse power systems as linear transformer driver.The method used to optimize the electrode structure on the basis of electric field simulation has reference significance for the design of other types of switchgear.

关 键 词：脉冲功率技术 多间隙气体火花开关 低抖动 电压均压 

分 类 号：TM564[电气工程—电器]