小流域生态-岩土协同减灾原理与方法初探  

Preliminary study on principles and methods of ecologicalgeotechnical engineering coordinated disaster reduction for small watersheds

作　　者：祁生文[1,2] 刘方翠 徐梦珍 王学良[1,2] 薛雷[1,2] 柳金峰 陈剑刚[6] 黄科翰 孙娟娟[1,2] 丁昊 QI Shengwen;LIU Fangcui;XU Mengzhen;WANG Xueliang;XUE Lei;LIU Jinfeng;CHEN Jiangang;HUANG Kehan;SUN Juanjuan;DING Hao(Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geological Engineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [4]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084 [5]清华大学水利部水圈科学重点实验室,北京100084 [6]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地灾害与地表重点实验室,成都610041 [7]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2024年第2期1-14,共14页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院先导专项A类项目“美丽中国”资助(资助号No.XDA23090402)。

摘　　要：随着全球变暖,极端降雨事件增多,导致山区小流域灾害频发,严重威胁人民生命财产安全。小流域防灾减灾形式多样,其中生态工程措施与岩土工程措施相结合协同减灾的方式,不仅能够充分发挥两种措施在不同时间段的减灾作用,而且能够增加整体减灾功效。目前,受限于生态工程措施与岩土工程措施协同减灾原理不明,评估方法缺乏,导致二者无法有机结合并开展综合减灾效益评估。本文在基于自然解决方案的基础上,提出了山区小流域生态-岩土措施协同减灾的原理,即利用生态工程与岩土工程协作,通过坡面防护和沟道调控,形成稳定阶梯-深潭结构的生态工程-岩土工程措施协同减灾原理。在此基础上,结合地理信息系统和最优化原理,给出基于能量消减的小流域生态工程-岩土工程协同减灾功效的定量化评价方法,为规划、设计、物种选择以及生态工程与岩土工程对策的结合提供依据。With global warming,extreme rainfall events are increasing,leading to frequent disasters in small watersheds in mountainous regions and threatening severely the safety of people's lives and property.A small watershed can adopt various forms of disaster prevention and reduction,among which the combination of ecological engineering measures and geotechnical engineering measures can not just fully utilize the disaster reduction effects of the two measures at different periods,but also increase the overall disaster reduction effectiveness.At present,the principle of collaborative disaster reduction between ecological and geotechnical engineering measures is unclear,and their evaluation methods are also unclear;so,it is extremely difficult to combine the two organically or conduct a comprehensive disaster reduction benefit assessment.On the basis of natural solutions,this paper establishes a principle of coordinated ecological-geotechnical measures for reducing disasters in small watersheds in mountainous regions.Specifically,a stable step-deep pool structure using ecological and geotechnical engineering measures should be formed through collaboration of both fields,slope protection,and channel regulation,so as to achieve collaborative disaster reduction.Then,we give a quantitative method for evaluating the effectiveness of synergistic disaster reduction by small watershed ecological and geotechnical engineering measures based on energy reduction planning,thus laying a basis for design,species selection,and integration with geotechnical engineering strategies.

关 键 词：小流域 基于自然解决方案 能量消减 生态-岩土协同减灾 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]